Let (alpha, beta, gamma)$(\alpha, \beta, \gamma)$ be the co-ordinates of the foot of the perpendicular drawn from the point (5, 4, 2) on the line vecr = (-hati + 3hatj + hatk) + lambda(2hati + 3hatj - hatk)$\vec{r} = (-\hat{i} + 3\hat{j} + \hat{k}) + \lambda(2\hat{i} + 3\hat{j} - \hat{k})$ . Then the length of the projection of the vector alphahati+betahatj+gammahatk$\alpha\hat{i}+\beta\hat{j}+\gamma\hat{k}$ on the vector 6hati+2hatj+3hatk$6\hat{i}+2\hat{j}+3\hat{k}$ is :

### Related Formula textLength of projection of vecu text on vecw = frac|vecu cdot vecw||vecw|$$\text{Length of projection of } \vec{u} \text{ on } \vec{w} = \frac{|\vec{u} \cdot \vec{w}|}{|\vec{w}|}$$ ### Core Logic Given point A(5, 4, 2)$A(5, 4, 2)$ and line (L)$(L)$: vecr = (-hati + 3hatj + hatk) + lambda(2hati + 3hatj - hatk)$$\vec{r} = (-\hat{i} + 3\hat{j} + \hat{k}) + \lambda(2\hat{i} + 3\hat{j} - \hat{k})$$ Any general point P$P$ on this line has coordinates: (-1 + 2lambda, 3 + 3lambda, 1 - lambda)$(-1 + 2\lambda, 3 + 3\lambda, 1 - \lambda)$ ### Step 1: Finding the foot of the perpendicular Vector vecAP = P - A = (-1 + 2lambda - 5)hati + (3 + 3lambda - 4)hatj + (1 - lambda - 2)hatk$\vec{AP} = P - A = (-1 + 2\lambda - 5)\hat{i} + (3 + 3\lambda - 4)\hat{j} + (1 - \lambda - 2)\hat{k}$ vecAP = (2lambda - 6)hati + (3lambda - 1)hatj + (-lambda - 1)hatk$$\vec{AP} = (2\lambda - 6)\hat{i} + (3\lambda - 1)\hat{j} + (-\lambda - 1)\hat{k}$$ Since AP$AP$ is perpendicular to line (L)$(L)$, the dot product of vecAP$\vec{AP}$ with the direction vector of the line (2hati + 3hatj - hatk)$(2\hat{i} + 3\hat{j} - \hat{k})$ must be zero: vecAP cdot (2hati + 3hatj - hatk) = 0$$\vec{AP} \cdot (2\hat{i} + 3\hat{j} - \hat{k}) = 0$$ 2(2lambda - 6) + 3(3lambda - 1) - 1(-lambda - 1) = 0$$2(2\lambda - 6) + 3(3\lambda - 1) - 1(-\lambda - 1) = 0$$ 4lambda - 12 + 9lambda - 3 + lambda + 1 = 0$$4\lambda - 12 + 9\lambda - 3 + \lambda + 1 = 0$$ 14lambda - 14 = 0 Rightarrow lambda = 1$$14\lambda - 14 = 0 \Rightarrow \lambda = 1$$

### Step 2: Coordinates of the foot Substitute lambda = 1$\lambda = 1$ into general point P$P$ to get (alpha, beta, gamma)$(\alpha, \beta, \gamma)$: alpha = -1 + 2(1) = 1$\alpha = -1 + 2(1) = 1$ beta = 3 + 3(1) = 6$\beta = 3 + 3(1) = 6$ gamma = 1 - 1 = 0$\gamma = 1 - 1 = 0$ Foot of perpendicular is (1, 6, 0)$(1, 6, 0)$. ### Step 3: Calculate the projection Let vecu = alphahati + betahatj + gammahatk = hati + 6hatj + 0hatk$\vec{u} = \alpha\hat{i} + \beta\hat{j} + \gamma\hat{k} = \hat{i} + 6\hat{j} + 0\hat{k}$ Let vecw = 6hati + 2hatj + 3hatk$\vec{w} = 6\hat{i} + 2\hat{j} + 3\hat{k}$ textProjection = frac|vecu cdot vecw||vecw| = frac|1(6) + 6(2) + 0(3)|sqrt6^2 + 2^2 + 3^2$$\text{Projection} = \frac{|\vec{u} \cdot \vec{w}|}{|\vec{w}|} = \frac{|1(6) + 6(2) + 0(3)|}{\sqrt{6^2 + 2^2 + 3^2}}$$ = frac6 + 12sqrt36 + 4 + 9 = frac18sqrt49 = frac187$$= \frac{6 + 12}{\sqrt{36 + 4 + 9}} = \frac{18}{\sqrt{49}} = \frac{18}{7}$$ ### Pattern Recognition Foot of perpendicular problems algorithm: 1) Frame general vector P(lambda)$P(\lambda)$. 2) Construct distance vector vecAP$\vec{AP}$. 3) Dot product with direction vector vecd = 0$\vec{d} = 0$. 4) Solve for lambda$\lambda$. ### Evaluation Rubric / Model Answer null ### Chapter Mix Class 12 Maths: Three Dimensional Geometry Class 12 Maths: Vector Algebra