Related Formula
x × ( y × z) = ( x · z) y - ( x · y) z$$\vec{x} \times (\vec{y} \times \vec{z}) = (\vec{x} \cdot \vec{z})\vec{y} - (\vec{x} \cdot \vec{y})\vec{z}$$
Core Logic
Given c = a × b$\vec{c} = \vec{a} \times \vec{b}$ and d = c × a$\vec{d} = \vec{c} \times \vec{a}$. Substitute c$\vec{c}$ into the expression for d$\vec{d}$:
d = ( a × b) × a$$\vec{d} = (\vec{a} \times \vec{b}) \times \vec{a}$$
Using the vector triple product expansion:
d = ( a · a) b - ( a · b) a = a² b - ( a · b) a$$\vec{d} = (\vec{a} \cdot \vec{a})\vec{b} - (\vec{a} \cdot \vec{b})\vec{a} = a^2 \vec{b} - (\vec{a} \cdot \vec{b})\vec{a}$$
Step 1: Calculate Magnitudes and Dot Products
For a = - i + j + 2 k$\vec{a} = -\hat{i} + \hat{j} + 2\hat{k}$ and b = i - j - 3 k$\vec{b} = \hat{i} - \hat{j} - 3\hat{k}$:
a² = | a|² = (-1)² + (1)² + (2)² = 1 + 1 + 4 = 6$$a^2 = |\vec{a}|^2 = (-1)^2 + (1)^2 + (2)^2 = 1 + 1 + 4 = 6$$
b² = | b|² = (1)² + (-1)² + (-3)² = 1 + 1 + 9 = 11$$b^2 = |\vec{b}|^2 = (1)^2 + (-1)^2 + (-3)^2 = 1 + 1 + 9 = 11$$
a · b = (-1)(1) + (1)(-1) + (2)(-3) = -1 - 1 - 6 = -8$$\vec{a} \cdot \vec{b} = (-1)(1) + (1)(-1) + (2)(-3) = -1 - 1 - 6 = -8$$
Step 2: Express vector d
Substitute values into d$\vec{d}$:
d = 6 b - (-8) a = 6 b + 8 a$$\vec{d} = 6\vec{b} - (-8)\vec{a} = 6\vec{b} + 8\vec{a}$$
Step 3: Evaluate Final Expression
Now compute ( a - b) · d$(\vec{a} - \vec{b}) \cdot \vec{d}$:
( a - b) · (8 a + 6 b)$$(\vec{a} - \vec{b}) \cdot (8\vec{a} + 6\vec{b})$$
= 8( a · a) + 6( a · b) - 8( b · a) - 6( b · b)$$= 8(\vec{a} \cdot \vec{a}) + 6(\vec{a} \cdot \vec{b}) - 8(\vec{b} \cdot \vec{a}) - 6(\vec{b} \cdot \vec{b})$$
= 8a² - 2( a · b) - 6b²$$= 8a^2 - 2(\vec{a} \cdot \vec{b}) - 6b^2$$
Substitute the known values:
= 8(6) - 2(-8) - 6(11) = 48 + 16 - 66 = 64 - 66 = -2$$= 8(6) - 2(-8) - 6(11) = 48 + 16 - 66 = 64 - 66 = -2$$
Pattern Recognition
Instead of computing cross products sequentially (which is tedious and error-prone), immediately expand nested cross products using the standard vector triple product identity BAC-CAB$BAC-CAB$.
Chapter Mix
Class 12 Maths: Vector Algebra