### Core Logic Steam distillation technique is applied to separate substances which are steam volatile and are immiscible with water. Since the essential oils in flowers are steam volatile and insoluble in water, steam distillation is the perfect technique for their extraction. ### Evaluation Rubric / Model Answer null ### Chapter Mix Class 11 Chemistry: Organic Chemistry - Some Basic Principles and Techniques

### Core Logic

A carbocation has three bonds and an empty p-orbital, yielding a sextet (6) of electrons in its valence shell. Due to its electron deficiency, it acts as a strong electrophile. ### Evaluation Rubric / Model Answer null ### Chapter Mix Class 11 Chemistry: Organic Chemistry - Some Basic Principles and Techniques

### Core Logic The fundamental principle used in chromatography (such as column chromatography or thin-layer chromatography) is adsorption. Different components of a mixture are adsorbed to different extents on an adsorbent stationary phase. ### Evaluation Rubric / Model Answer null ### Chapter Mix Class 11 Chemistry: Organic Chemistry - Some Basic Principles and Techniques

### Core Logic (A) Simple distillation is used to separate a mixture of miscible liquids with a sufficiently large difference in their boiling points, such as chloroform and aniline. (A rightarrow$\rightarrow$ IV) (B) Fractional distillation is used to separate crude oil fractions. (B rightarrow$\rightarrow$ III) (C) Steam distillation is used to separate steam-volatile substances that are immiscible with water, like an aniline-water mixture. (C rightarrow$\rightarrow$ II) (D) Distillation under reduced pressure is used for liquids that decompose at or below their normal boiling points, like separating glycerol from spent lye. (D rightarrow$\rightarrow$ I) ### Evaluation Rubric / Model Answer null ### Chapter Mix Class 11 Chemistry: Organic Chemistry - Some Basic Principles and Techniques