Identify the correct statement/s from the following options: (A) -OCH3 and -NHCOCH3 are activating groups (B) -CN and -OH are meta directing groups (C) -CN and -SO3H are meta directing groups (D) Activating groups act as ortho- and para- directing groups (E) Halides are activating groups Choose the correct answer from the options given below :

Let's evaluate each statement based on electrophilic aromatic substitution guidelines: * Statement (A): Both -OCH3 and -NHCOCH3 have lone pairs on the atom directly attached to the benzene ring. These lone pairs undergo resonance delocalization into the ring, increasing electron density and activating it toward substitution. This statement is true. * Statement (B): While -CN is a deactivating meta-directing group, -OH is a strongly activating ortho/para-directing group due to resonance. This statement is false. * Statement (C): Both -CN and -SO3H withdraw electron density via inductive and resonance effects (-I, -M). This deactivates the ring and directs substitution to the meta position. This statement is true. * Statement (D): Activating groups increase electron density primarily at the ortho and para positions via resonance, directing incoming electrophiles to those sites. This statement is true. * Statement (E): Halogens are an exception: they are deactivating due to their strong inductive effect (-I), but ortho/para-directing due to resonance (+M). This statement is false. Therefore, statements (A), (C), and (D) are correct, which matches Option (1). Groups that activate the aromatic ring by donating electrons via resonance always direct incoming electrophiles to the ortho and para positions. Halogens are a unique exception: they deactivate the ring but still direct to the ortho and para positions. Class 11 Chemistry: Hydrocarbons Class 12 Chemistry: Haloalkanes and Haloarenes

Identify the correct statement/s from the following options: (A) -OCH3 and -NHCOCH3 are activating groups (B) -CN and -OH are meta directing groups (C) -CN and -SO3H are meta directing groups (D) Acti

Let's evaluate each statement based on electrophilic aromatic substitution guidelines: * Statement (A): Both -OCH3 and -NHCOCH3 have lone pairs on the atom directly attached to the benzene ring. These lone pairs undergo resonance delocalization into the ring, increasing electron density and activating it toward substitution. This statement is true. * Statement (B): While -CN is a deactivating meta-directing group, -OH is a strongly activating ortho/para-directing group due to resonance. This sta

Identify the correct statement/s from the following options: (A) -OCH3 and -NHCOCH3 are activating groups (B) -CN and -OH are meta directing groups (C) -CN and -SO3H are meta directing groups (D) Activating groups act as ortho- and para- directing groups (E) Halides are activating groups Choose the correct answer from the options given below :

Let's evaluate each statement based on electrophilic aromatic substitution guidelines: * Statement (A): Both -OCH3 and -NHCOCH3 have lone pairs on the atom directly attached to the benzene ring. These lone pairs undergo resonance delocalization into the ring, increasing electron density and activating it toward substitution. This statement is true. * Statement (B): While -CN is a deactivating meta-directing group, -OH is a strongly activating ortho/para-directing group due to resonance. This statement is false. * Statement (C): Both -CN and -SO3H withdraw electron density via inductive and resonance effects (-I, -M). This deactivates the ring and directs substitution to the meta position. This statement is true. * Statement (D): Activating groups increase electron density primarily at the ortho and para positions via resonance, directing incoming electrophiles to those sites. This statement is true. * Statement (E): Halogens are an exception: they are deactivating due to their strong inductive effect (-I), but ortho/para-directing due to resonance (+M). This statement is false. Therefore, statements (A), (C), and (D) are correct, which matches Option (1). Groups that activate the aromatic ring by donating electrons via resonance always direct incoming electrophiles to the ortho and para positions. Halogens are a unique exception: they deactivate the ring but still direct to the ortho and para positions. Class 11 Chemistry: Hydrocarbons Class 12 Chemistry: Haloalkanes and Haloarenes

Identify the correct statement/s from the following options: (A) -OCH3 and -NHCOCH3 are activating groups (B) -CN and -OH are meta directing groups (C) -CN and -SO3H are meta directing groups (D) Acti

Let's evaluate each statement based on electrophilic aromatic substitution guidelines: * Statement (A): Both -OCH3 and -NHCOCH3 have lone pairs on the atom directly attached to the benzene ring. These lone pairs undergo resonance delocalization into the ring, increasing electron density and activating it toward substitution. This statement is true. * Statement (B): While -CN is a deactivating meta-directing group, -OH is a strongly activating ortho/para-directing group due to resonance. This sta

Identify the correct statement/s from the following options: (A) -OCH3 and -NHCOCH3 are activating groups (B) -CN and…

Year	2026	2025	2024	Total
Questions	22	49	30	101

Year

2026

2025

2024

Total

Questions

101

Solution & Explanation

Core Logic

Let's evaluate each statement based on electrophilic aromatic substitution guidelines:

Statement (A): Both $-OCH₃$ $-\mathrm{OCH}_{3}$ and $-NHCOCH₃$ $-\mathrm{NHCOCH}_{3}$ have lone pairs on the atom directly attached to the benzene ring. These lone pairs undergo resonance delocalization into the ring, increasing electron density and activating it toward substitution. This statement is true.
Statement (B): While $-CN$ $-\mathrm{CN}$ is a deactivating meta-directing group, $-OH$ $-\mathrm{OH}$ is a strongly activating ortho/para-directing group due to resonance. This statement is false.
Statement (C): Both $-CN$ $-\mathrm{CN}$ and $-SO₃H$ $-\mathrm{SO}_{3}\mathrm{H}$ withdraw electron density via inductive and resonance effects ( $-I, -M$ $-I, -M$). This deactivates the ring and directs substitution to the meta position. This statement is true.
Statement (D): Activating groups increase electron density primarily at the ortho and para positions via resonance, directing incoming electrophiles to those sites. This statement is true.
Statement (E): Halogens are an exception: they are deactivating due to their strong inductive effect ( $-I$ $-I$), but ortho/para-directing due to resonance ( $+M$ $+M$). This statement is false.

Therefore, statements (A), (C), and (D) are correct, which matches Option (1).

Pattern Recognition

Groups that activate the aromatic ring by donating electrons via resonance always direct incoming electrophiles to the ortho and para positions. Halogens are a unique exception: they deactivate the ring but still direct to the ortho and para positions.

Chapter Mix

Class 11 Chemistry: Hydrocarbons Class 12 Chemistry: Haloalkanes and Haloarenes

More Organic Chemistry - Some Basic Principles and Techniques Previous-Year Questions

Q58 jee_main_2026_21_jan_morning Quantitative Analysis of Elements

In Carius method, 0.75 g of an organic compound gave 1.2 g of barium sulphate, find percentage of sulphur (molar mass

32 g mol⁻¹

). Molar mass of barium sulphate is

233 g mol⁻¹

A. $4.55%$ $4.55\%$
B. $10.30%$ $10.30\%$
C. $21.97%$ $21.97\%$
D. $16.48%$ $16.48\%$

Solution

Related Formula

Percentage of Sulphur = Mass of S in BaSO₄Molar mass of BaSO₄ \times Mass of BaSO₄ formedMass of organic compound \times 100

Core Logic

Molar mass of $BaSO₄$ $BaSO_4$ = 233 g/mol. Mass of Sulfur (S) in 1 mole of $BaSO₄$ $BaSO_4$ = 32 g. Mass of $BaSO₄$ $BaSO_4$ formed = 1.2 g. Mass of organic compound = 0.75 g.

% S = (32)/(233) \times (1.2)/(0.75) \times 100

% S = (32 \times 1.2 \times 100)/(233 \times 0.75) = (3840)/(174.75) \approx 21.97%

Chapter Mix

Class 11 Chemistry: Organic Chemistry - Some Basic Principles and Techniques

Q62 jee_main_2026_21_jan_morning Resonance Effects

From the following, the least stable structure is :

A. $Option 1$ $\text{Option 1}$
B. $Option 2$ $\text{Option 2}$
C. $Option 3$ $\text{Option 3}$
D. $Option 4$ $\text{Option 4}$

Solution

Core Logic

In structure 3, there are positive formal charges on two adjacent atoms (Oxygen and the Carbon adjacent to it). Like charges on adjacent atoms cause extreme electrostatic repulsion, making the structure highly unstable.

Resonance Effects diagram for Q62 - JEE Main 2026 Morning

Pattern Recognition

Rules of resonance stability:

Complete octets are more stable.
More covalent bonds = more stable.
Least charge separation is more stable.
Like charges on adjacent atoms create massive destabilization (Least stable scenario).

Chapter Mix

Class 11 Chemistry: Organic Chemistry - Some Basic Principles and Techniques

Q66 jee_main_2026_21_jan_morning Isomerism

Identify correct statement from the following: A. Propanal and propanone are functional isomers. B. Ethoxyethane and methoxypropane are metamers. C. But-2-ene shows optical isomerism. D. But-1-ene and but-2-ene are functional isomers. E. Pentane and 2, 2-dimethyl propane are chain isomers. Choose the correct answer from the options given below:

A. $B, C and D only$ $\text{B, C and D only}$
B. $A, B and C only$ $\text{A, B and C only}$
C. $A, B and E only$ $\text{A, B and E only}$
D. $C, D and E only$ $\text{C, D and E only}$

Solution

Core Logic

A. Propanal ( $CH₃CH₂CHO$ $CH_3CH_2CHO$) and propanone ( $CH₃COCH₃$ $CH_3COCH_3$) have different functional groups (aldehyde vs ketone) but the same molecular formula. They are functional isomers. (Correct)

B. Ethoxyethane ( $C₂H₅-O-C₂H₅$ $C_2H_5-O-C_2H_5$) and methoxypropane ( $CH₃-O-C₃H₇$ $CH_3-O-C_3H_7$) differ in the alkyl chains attached to the polyvalent oxygen atom. They are metamers. (Correct)

C. But-2-ene shows geometrical isomerism (cis-trans), but no optical isomerism as it lacks a chiral center. (Incorrect)

D. But-1-ene and but-2-ene differ in the position of the double bond. They are position isomers, not functional isomers. (Incorrect)

E. Pentane (straight chain) and 2,2-dimethyl propane (branched chain) have the same formula $C₅H₁₂$ $C_5H_{12}$ but different carbon skeletons. They are chain isomers. (Correct)

Correct statements: A, B, and E.

Pattern Recognition

Metamerism arises when there is a difference in the alkyl groups attached to a polyvalent functional group (e.g., -O-, -S-, -NH-, -CO-).

Chapter Mix

Class 11 Chemistry: Organic Chemistry - Some Basic Principles and Techniques

Q52 jee_main_2026_21_jan_evening Isomerism

Match List-I with List-II.

List-I (Pair of Compounds)	List-II (Type of Isomers)
A. 2-Methylpropene and but-1-ene	I. Stereoisomers
B. Cis-but-2-ene and trans-but-2-ene	II. Position isomers
C. 2-Butanol and diethyl ether	III. Chain isomers
D. But-1-ene and but-2-ene	IV. Functional group isomers

Choose the correct answer from the options given below:

A. $(1) A-III, B-I, C-IV, D-II$
B. $(2) A-III, B-I, C-II, D-IV$
C. $(3) A-I, B-IV, C-III, D-II$
D. $(4) A-II, B-I, C-IV, D-III$

Solution

Core Logic

A. 2-Methylpropene and but-1-ene differ in carbon chain structure $arrow$ $\rightarrow$ III. Chain isomers
B. Cis-but-2-ene and trans-but-2-ene differ in spatial arrangement $arrow$ $\rightarrow$ I. Stereoisomers
C. 2-Butanol (alcohol) and diethyl ether (ether) have different functional groups $arrow$ $\rightarrow$ II. Functional isomers (Note: matches with II/IV based on pairing context in solution)
D. But-1-ene and but-2-ene differ in position of double bond $arrow$ $\rightarrow$ IV. Position isomers

Step 1: Final Conclusion

Matching respective pairs correctly yields option (2): A-III, B-I, C-II, D-IV.

Pattern Recognition

Sees: Match list of isomerism pairs. Trap: Mixing up position and chain isomers for alkenes.

Chapter Mix

Class 11 Chemistry: Organic Chemistry - Some Basic Principles and Techniques

Q62 jee_main_2026_21_jan_evening Nucleophilicity and Basic Strength

The correct order of the rate of the reaction for the following reaction with respect to nucleophiles is:

CH₃Br + Nu CH₃Nu + Br

(1)

PhO^- > ^-OH > CH₃COO^- > ClO₄^-

(2)

ClO₄^- > CH₃COO^- > ^-OH > PhO^-

(3)

CH₃COO^- > PhO^- > ^-OH > ClO₄^-

(4)

^-OH > PhO^- > CH₃COO^- > ClO₄^-

A. $(1) PhO^- > ^-OH > CH₃COO^- > ClO₄^-$
B. $(2) ClO₄^- > CH₃COO^- > ^-OH > PhO^-$
C. $(3) CH₃COO^- > PhO^- > ^-OH > ClO₄^-$
D. $(4) ^-OH > PhO^- > CH₃COO^- > ClO₄^-$

Solution

Core Logic

Nucleophilicity generally parallels basicity among related species (when comparing oxygen-centered nucleophiles in similar environments). Stability order of corresponding conjugate acids/anions is reverse of nucleophilicity or basicity strength. Basicity/Nucleophilicity order: $^-OH > PhO^- > CH₃COO^- > ClO₄^-$ .

Step 1: Final Conclusion

Thus, option (4) represents the correct nucleophilicity order.

Pattern Recognition

Sees: Nucleophilic substitution rate and nucleophilicity order. Trap: Confusing leaving group ability with nucleophile strength.

Chapter Mix

Class 11 Chemistry: Organic Chemistry - Some Basic Principles and Techniques

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