The formal changes on the atoms marked as (1) to (4) in the Lewis representation of HNO3 molecule respectively are

Q: The formal changes on the atoms marked as (1) to (4) in the Lewis representation of HNO3 molecule respectively are

Evaluate the structure of HNO3 shown in the solution image: Atom 1 (Oxygen with H and N): F.C. = 6 - 4 - (4/2) = 0 Atom 2 (Nitrogen): F.C. = 5 - 0 - (8/2) = +1 Atom 3 (Double bonded Oxygen): F.C. = 6 - 4 - (4/2) = 0 Atom 4 (Single bonded Oxygen): F.C. = 6 - 6 - (2/2) = -1 The formal charges on atoms (1), (2), (3), and (4) are respectively 0, +1, 0, -1. In nitro groups (-NO2), the central nitrogen is always +1, the single bonded oxygen is -1, and the double-bonded oxygen is 0. Class 11 Chemistry:

Year	2026	2025	2024	Total
Questions	12	14	16	42

Year

2026

2025

2024

Total

Questions

Solution & Explanation

Related Formula

Formal charge = (Valence e⁻) - (Non-bonding e⁻) - Bonding e⁻2

Core Logic

Evaluate the structure of $HNO₃$ $HNO_{3}$ shown in the solution image:

Detailed Lewis structure of HNO3 diagram — The image shows the Lewis structure of HNO3 with four atoms numbered 1 through 4.

Atom 1 (Oxygen with H and N): $F.C. = 6 - 4 - (4)/(2) = 0$ $F.C. = 6 - 4 - \frac{4}{2} = 0$

Atom 2 (Nitrogen): $F.C. = 5 - 0 - (8)/(2) = +1$ $F.C. = 5 - 0 - \frac{8}{2} = +1$

Atom 3 (Double bonded Oxygen): $F.C. = 6 - 4 - (4)/(2) = 0$ $F.C. = 6 - 4 - \frac{4}{2} = 0$

Atom 4 (Single bonded Oxygen): $F.C. = 6 - 6 - (2)/(2) = -1$ $F.C. = 6 - 6 - \frac{2}{2} = -1$

Step 1: Final Conclusion

The formal charges on atoms (1), (2), (3), and (4) are respectively 0, +1, 0, -1.

Pattern Recognition

In nitro groups ( $-NO₂$ $-NO_2$), the central nitrogen is always +1, the single bonded oxygen is -1, and the double-bonded oxygen is 0.

Chapter Mix

Class 11 Chemistry: Chemical Bonding and Molecular Structure

More Chemical Bonding and Molecular Structure Previous-Year Questions — Page 9

Q77 jee_main_2024_31_jan_morning Molecular Orbital Theory

The linear combination of atomic orbitals to form molecular orbitals takes place only when the combining atomic orbitals A. have the same energy B. have the minimum overlap C. have same symmetry about the molecular axis D. have different symmetry about the molecular axis Choose the most appropriate from the options given below:

A. $A, B, C only$ $\text{A, B, C only}$
B. $A and C only$ $\text{A and C only}$
C. $B, C, D only$ $\text{B, C, D only}$
D. $B and D only$ $\text{B and D only}$

Solution

Core Logic

Conditions for the linear combination of atomic orbitals (LCAO) to form molecular orbitals:

The combining atomic orbitals must have the same or nearly the same energy.
The combining atomic orbitals must have the same symmetry about the molecular axis.
The combining atomic orbitals must overlap to the maximum extent (not minimum).

Chapter Mix

Class 11 Chemistry: Chemical Bonding and Molecular Structure

Q85 jee_main_2024_31_jan_morning Hybridization

The number of species from the following in which the central atom uses

sp³

hybrid orbitals in its bonding is

NH₃, SO₂, SiO₂, BeCl₂, CO₂, H₂O, CH₄, BF₃

Numerical Answer. Answer: 4 to 4

Solution

Core Logic

Analyzing the hybridization of the central atom in each species:

$NH₃$ $NH_3$: 3 bp + 1 lp = 4 electron domains $arrow sp³$ $\rightarrow sp^3$
$SO₂$ $SO_2$: 2 bp + 1 lp = 3 electron domains $arrow sp²$ $\rightarrow sp^2$
$SiO₂$ $SiO_2$: A giant covalent network where each Si is bonded to 4 oxygens tetrahedrally $arrow sp³$ $\rightarrow sp^3$
$BeCl₂$ $BeCl_2$: 2 bp + 0 lp = 2 electron domains $arrow sp$ $\rightarrow sp$
$CO₂$ $CO_2$: 2 bp + 0 lp = 2 electron domains $arrow sp$ $\rightarrow sp$
$H₂O$ $H_2O$: 2 bp + 2 lp = 4 electron domains $arrow sp³$ $\rightarrow sp^3$
$CH₄$ $CH_4$: 4 bp + 0 lp = 4 electron domains $arrow sp³$ $\rightarrow sp^3$
$BF₃$ $BF_3$: 3 bp + 0 lp = 3 electron domains $arrow sp²$ $\rightarrow sp^2$

Total species with $sp³$ $sp^3$ hybridization: $NH₃, SiO₂, H₂O, CH₄$ $NH_3, SiO_2, H_2O, CH_4$. Total count = 4.

Chapter Mix

Class 11 Chemistry: Chemical Bonding and Molecular Structure

The formal changes on the atoms marked as (1) to (4) in the Lewis representation of $HNO₃$ $HNO_{3}$ molecule respectively are
The image shows the Lewis structure of HNO3 with four atoms numbered 1 through 4.

Solution & Explanation

Related Formula

Core Logic

Step 1: Final Conclusion

Pattern Recognition

Chapter Mix

Reference Study Guides

More Chemical Bonding and Molecular Structure Previous-Year Questions — Page 9

Solution

Core Logic

Chapter Mix

Solution

Core Logic

Chapter Mix

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The formal changes on the atoms marked as (1) to (4) in the Lewis representation of HNO₃$HNO_{3}$ molecule respectively are The image shows the Lewis structure of HNO3 with four atoms numbered 1 through 4.

Solution & Explanation

Related Formula

Core Logic

Step 1: Final Conclusion

Pattern Recognition

Chapter Mix

Reference Study Guides

More Chemical Bonding and Molecular Structure Previous-Year Questions — Page 9

Solution

Core Logic

Chapter Mix

Solution

Core Logic

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More Chemical Bonding and Molecular Structure Questions — jee_main_2026_22_january_morning

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The formal changes on the atoms marked as (1) to (4) in the Lewis representation of $HNO₃$ $HNO_{3}$ molecule respectively are
The image shows the Lewis structure of HNO3 with four atoms numbered 1 through 4.