Related Formula
Rate of reaction = (-1)/(νᵢ) (d[Reactant])/(dt)$$\text{Rate of reaction} = \frac{-1}{\nu_i} \frac{d[Reactant]}{dt}$$
Rate of first order reaction = k[A]$$\text{Rate of first order reaction} = k[A]$$
Core Logic
At t = 10$t = 10$ minutes (10:10 am$10:10 \text{ am}$):
For reaction II: 5Br⁻ + BrO₃⁻ + 6H⁺ arrow 3Br₂ + 3H₂O$5Br^{-} + BrO_{3}^{-} + 6H^{+} \rightarrow 3Br_{2} + 3H_{2}O$
The overall rate of reaction II is expressed by dividing the rate of disappearance of Br^-$Br^-$ by its stoichiometric coefficient:
RateII = -(1)/(5) Δ[Br⁻]Δ t$$\text{Rate}_{II} = -\frac{1}{5}\frac{\Delta[Br^{-}]}{\Delta t}$$
Given - Δ[Br⁻]Δ t = 2 × 10⁻⁴ mol L⁻¹ min⁻¹$-\frac{\Delta[Br^{-}]}{\Delta t} = 2 \times 10^{-4} \text{ mol L}^{-1} \text{ min}^{-1}$, we have:
RateII = (1)/(5) × (2 × 10⁻⁴) = 4 × 10⁻⁵ mol L⁻¹ min⁻¹$$\text{Rate}_{II} = \frac{1}{5} \times (2 \times 10^{-4}) = 4 \times 10^{-5} \text{ mol L}^{-1} \text{ min}^{-1}$$
Step 1: Equating Rates
The problem states that the rates of both reactions are identical at this time.
Therefore, RateI = RateII = 4 × 10⁻⁵ mol L⁻¹ min⁻¹$\text{Rate}_{I} = \text{Rate}_{II} = 4 \times 10^{-5} \text{ mol L}^{-1} \text{ min}^{-1}$.
For the first-order reaction I (A arrow products$A \rightarrow \text{products}$):
RateI = k[A]$$\text{Rate}_{I} = k[A]$$
Step 2: Calculating Rate Constant
Substitute the known values at t = 10 min$t = 10 \text{ min}$:
4 × 10⁻⁵ = k × (10⁻²)$$4 \times 10^{-5} = k \times (10^{-2})$$
k = 4 × 10⁻⁵10⁻² = 4 × 10⁻³ min⁻¹$$k = \frac{4 \times 10^{-5}}{10^{-2}} = 4 \times 10^{-3} \text{ min}^{-1}$$
Pattern Recognition
Remember to divide the given rate of disappearance of a species by its stoichiometric coefficient to find the true, normalized "Rate of Reaction" before equating it to another reaction's rate.
Chapter Mix
Class 12 Chemistry: Chemical Kinetics