A + B = 2 ((A+B)/(2)) ((A-B)/(2))$$\sin A + \sin B = 2 \sin\left(\frac{A+B}{2}\right) \cos\left(\frac{A-B}{2}\right)$$2x = 2 x x$$\sin 2x = 2 \sin x \cos x$$2x = 2 ² x - 1$$\cos 2x = 2 \cos^2 x - 1$$
Core Logic
Let I = 6∫₀π| 3x + x + 2x| dx$I = 6\int_{0}^{\pi}|\sin 3x + \sin x + \sin 2x| dx$.
Apply sum-to-product on 3x + x$\sin 3x + \sin x$:
3x + x = 2 (2x) (x)$\sin 3x + \sin x = 2 \sin(2x) \cos(x)$
So the expression becomes:
|2 (2x) x + 2x| = | 2x (2 x + 1)| = |2 x x (2 x + 1)|$|2 \sin(2x) \cos x + \sin 2x| = |\sin 2x (2 \cos x + 1)| = |2 \sin x \cos x (2 \cos x + 1)|$
Since x in [0, π]$x \in [0, \pi]$, x ≥ 0$\sin x \geq 0$. We can pull it out of the modulus.
I = 12 ∫₀π x |2 ² x + x| dx$I = 12 \int_{0}^{\pi} \sin x |2 \cos^2 x + \cos x| dx$
Step 1: Coordinate Substitution
Substitute t = x$t = \cos x$, then dt = - x dx$dt = -\sin x dx$.
Limits: when x = 0$x = 0$, t = 1$t = 1$. When x = π$x = \pi$, t = -1$t = -1$.
The roots of 2t² + t = 0$2t^2 + t = 0$ are t = 0$t = 0$ and t = -1/2$t = -1/2$.
The quadratic 2t² + t$2t^2 + t$ is negative in the interval (-1/2, 0)$(-1/2, 0)$ and positive elsewhere.
Split the integral:
Whenever an integral features a cascading sum of sine frequencies like (kx)$\sin(kx)$, pair the highest and lowest frequencies first. The resulting common factor often matches the middle term, instantly yielding a clean polynomial substitution under t = x$t = \cos x$.
Chapter Mix
Class 12 Maths: Definite Integration
Class 11 Maths: Trigonometric Functions
For x in [0, 1]$x \in [0, 1]$, region bounded by parabola y = ± 2√(x)$y = \pm 2\sqrt{x}$.
For x in [1, √(2)]$x \in [1, \sqrt{2}]$, region bounded by ellipse y = ± √(8 - 4x²)$y = \pm \sqrt{8 - 4x^2}$.
Rewrite the numerator (2 - x²)$(2 - x^2)$ as (1 - x²) + 1$(1 - x^2) + 1$ to split the integral into two recognizable parts matching the e^x [g(x) + g'(x)]$e^x [g(x) + g'(x)]$ form.
Any integral involving e^x$e^x$ multiplied by an algebraic fraction heavily signals the use of ∫ e^x [g(x) + g'(x)] dx$\int e^x [g(x) + g'(x)] dx$. Breaking the numerator into (1-x²) + 1$(1-x^2) + 1$ is the classic key to unlock this.
Limits of π/24$\pi/24$ and 5π/24$5\pi/24$ add up to π/4$\pi/4$. When dealing with (2x)$\tan(2x)$, multiplying by 2$2$ transforms this upper/lower sum to π/2$\pi/2$, establishing the classic /$\tan/\cot$ symmetry map triggered by King's Property.
Chapter Mix
Class 12 Maths: Integrals
Q14jee_main_2026_23_january_eveningIntegration by Substitution
Let I(x) = ∫ 3dx(4x + 6)( 4x² + 8x + 3)$I(x) = \int \frac{3dx}{(4x + 6)(\sqrt{4x^{2} + 8x + 3})}$ and I(0) = √(3)4 + 20$I(0) = \frac{\sqrt{3}}{4} + 20$. If I((1)/(2)) = a√(2)b + c$I\left(\frac{1}{2}\right) = \frac{a\sqrt{2}}{b} + c$, where a, b, c in N$a, b, c \in \mathbb{N}$, (a,b) = 1$\gcd(a,b) = 1$, then a + b + c$a + b + c$ is equal to :
Comparing with a√(2)b + c$\frac{a\sqrt{2}}{b} + c$, we get a=3, b=8, c=20$a=3, b=8, c=20$.
(3,8) = 1$\gcd(3,8) = 1$, condition is met.
a + b + c = 3 + 8 + 20 = 31$$a + b + c = 3 + 8 + 20 = 31$$
Pattern Recognition
The integral format ∫ dx(ax+b)√(px²+qx+r)$\int \frac{dx}{(ax+b)\sqrt{px^2+qx+r}}$ classically demands substituting the linear outer piece as ax+b = 1/t$ax+b = 1/t$.
Chapter Mix
Class 12 Maths: Indefinite Integration
More Definite Integration Questions — jee_main_2026_21_jan_morning
Practice past-year questions one chapter at a time. Pick an exam → subject → chapter and get every PYQ for that topic — pulled together from all past papers — with the chapter's key formulas alongside.