Given below are two statements: one is labelled as Assertion A and the other is labelled as Reason R. Assertion A: In a central force field, the work done is independent of the path chosen Reason R: Every force encountered in mechanics does not have an associated potential energy. In the light of the above statements, choose the most appropriate answer from the options given below:

Assertion A: Central force configurations depend solely on the positional distance parameter r. They are strictly conservative fields, making path metrics completely irrelevant for total work evaluation. (True) Reason R: Non-conservative profiles like friction or drag dissipate thermal energy paths and do not possess any state potential energy function. (True) Since statement R provides general information about non-conservative forces rather than stating why central fields are path independent, it fails as a direct explanatory bridge. Both assertions are factually accurate, but R is not the appropriate explanation for A. This selects option (2). Conservative fields allow defining potential profiles (F = -nabla U); non-conservative structures completely break this relation. Class 11 Physics: Work, Energy and Power

Given below are two statements: one is labelled as Assertion A and the other is labelled as Reason R. Assertion A: In a central force field, the work done is independent of the path chosen Reason R: E

Assertion A: Central force configurations depend solely on the positional distance parameter r. They are strictly conservative fields, making path metrics completely irrelevant for total work evaluation. (True) Reason R: Non-conservative profiles like friction or drag dissipate thermal energy paths and do not possess any state potential energy function. (True) Since statement R provides general information about non-conservative forces rather than stating why central fields are path independent,

Given below are two statements: one is labelled as Assertion A and the other is labelled as Reason R. Assertion A: In a central force field, the work done is independent of the path chosen Reason R: Every force encountered in mechanics does not have an associated potential energy. In the light of the above statements, choose the most appropriate answer from the options given below:

Assertion A: Central force configurations depend solely on the positional distance parameter r. They are strictly conservative fields, making path metrics completely irrelevant for total work evaluation. (True) Reason R: Non-conservative profiles like friction or drag dissipate thermal energy paths and do not possess any state potential energy function. (True) Since statement R provides general information about non-conservative forces rather than stating why central fields are path independent, it fails as a direct explanatory bridge. Both assertions are factually accurate, but R is not the appropriate explanation for A. This selects option (2). Conservative fields allow defining potential profiles (F = -nabla U); non-conservative structures completely break this relation. Class 11 Physics: Work, Energy and Power

Given below are two statements: one is labelled as Assertion A and the other is labelled as Reason R. Assertion A: In a central force field, the work done is independent of the path chosen Reason R: E

Assertion A: Central force configurations depend solely on the positional distance parameter r. They are strictly conservative fields, making path metrics completely irrelevant for total work evaluation. (True) Reason R: Non-conservative profiles like friction or drag dissipate thermal energy paths and do not possess any state potential energy function. (True) Since statement R provides general information about non-conservative forces rather than stating why central fields are path independent,

Given below are two statements: one is labelled as Assertion A and the other is labelled as Reason R. Assertion A: In a…

Year	2026	2025	2024	Total
Questions	8	15	8	31

Q14 jee_main_2025_28_jan_evening Average and Instantaneous Power

A body of mass

4 kg

is placed on a plane at a point

P

having coordinate

( 3,4) m

. Under the action of force

F = ( 2 i + 3 j) N

,it moves to a new point Q having coordinates (6,10) m in 4 \sec. The average power and instantaneous power at the \end of 4 \sec are in the ratio of :

A. $13:6$ $13:6$
B. $6:13$ $6:13$
C. $1:2$ $1:2$
D. $4 : 3$ $4 : 3$

Solution

Related Formula

Average Power ( $Pavg$ $P_{\text{avg}}$) = $Total Work DoneTotal Time = F \cdot st$
Instantaneous Power ( $Pᵢₙₛₜ$ $P_{\text{inst}}$) = $F \cdot v(t)$ $\vec{F} \cdot \vec{v}(t)$

Core Logic

Given parameters:

Force vector: $F = 2 i + 3 j$ $\vec{F} = 2\hat{i} + 3\hat{j}$
Displacement coordinates: $P(3,4) arrow Q(6,10) s = (6-3) i + (10-4) j = 3 i + 6 j$
Time window, $t = 4 s$ $t = 4\text{ s}$

Calculate Average Power :

W = F \cdot s = (2 i + 3 j) \cdot (3 i + 6 j) = (2 \times 3) + (3 \times 6) = 6 + 18 = 24 J

Pavg = (W)/(t) = (24)/(4) = 6 W

Now, analyze the instantaneous dynamics to extract final velocity $v$ $\vec{v}$ at $t=4 s$ $t=4\text{ s}$: Acceleration vector : $a = Fm = 2 i + 3 j4 = 0.5 i + 0.75 j$

Assuming the body starts from rest, velocity at $t=4 s$ $t=4\text{ s}$ is :

v = a \cdot t = (0.5 i + 0.75 j) \times 4 = 2 i + 3 j

Calculate Instantaneous Power at $t=4 s$ $t=4\text{ s}$ :

Pᵢₙₛₜ = F \cdot v = (2 i + 3 j) \cdot (2 i + 3 j) = 2² + 3² = 4 + 9 = 13 W

Taking the final ratio :

PavgPᵢₙₛₜ = (6)/(13)

(Note: There is a minor kinematic inconsistency in the question data layout regarding matching coordinate parameters independently, but the calculations follow the standard intended framework directly).

Pattern Recognition

For constant force acceleration from rest, average power equals $(1)/(2) F a t$ $\frac{1}{2} F a t$ while instantaneous power scales linearly as $F a t$ $F a t$, meaning the structural ratio simplifies exactly to $1:2$ $1:2$. The custom displacement vector here alters that baseline baseline ratio as tracked.

Chapter Mix

Class 11 Physics: Work, Energy and Power

Q jee_main_2025_29_jan_morning Collisions

As shown below, bob A of a pendulum having massless string of length 'R' is released from

60°

to the vertical. It hits another bob B of half the mass that is at rest on a friction less table in the centre. Assuming elastic collision, the magnitude of the velocity of bob A after the collision will be (take g as acceleration due to gravity)

Collisions diagram for Q10 - JEE Main 2025 Morning — The diagram displays a pendulum bob A suspended at an angle of 60 degrees ready to strike bob B at the lowest equilibrium center point.

A. $(1)/(3) Rg$ $\frac{1}{3} \sqrt{\mathrm{Rg}}$
B. $Rg$ $\sqrt{\mathrm{Rg}}$
C. $(4)/(3) Rg$ $\frac{4}{3} \sqrt{\mathrm{Rg}}$
D. $(2)/(3) Rg$ $\frac{2}{3} \sqrt{\mathrm{Rg}}$

Solution

Related Formula

u = \sqrt(2gh) = \sqrt(2gR(1 - θ))

v₁ = ((m₁ - m₂)/(m₁ + m₂))u + ((2m₂)/(m₁ + m₂))v₂i

Core Logic

Collisions explanation diagram for Q10 — The diagram displays a pendulum bob A suspended at an angle of 60 degrees ready to strike bob B at the lowest equilibrium center point.

Velocity of bob A just prior to collision :

u = 2g(R - R 60°) = \sqrt(2g(R)/(2)) = \sqrt(gR)

Using conservation of momentum and coefficient of restitution $e=1$ $e=1$ for elastic interaction [cite: 660, 662]:

mA u = mA v₁ + mB v₂ m u = m v₁ + (m)/(2) v₂ 2v₁ + v₂ = 2u

Step 1: Apply Restitution Velocity Difference

$v₂ - v₁ = u$ $v_2 - v_1 = u$ Subtracting equations yields :

3v₁ = u v₁ = (u)/(3) = (1)/(3)\sqrt(gR)

Pattern Recognition

In an elastic head-on collision where one body hits half its mass at rest, it retains exactly one-third of its initial hitting speed[cite: 661, 663].

Chapter Mix

Class 11 Physics: Work, Energy and Power

Q jee_main_2025_29_jan_morning Vertical Circular Motion

A body of mass 'm' connected to a massless and unstretchable string goes in a vertical circle of radius 'R' under gravity g. The other end of the string is fixed at the center of a circle. If velocity at top of circular path is

n \sqrt(gR)

, where,

n \geq 1

, then ratio of kinetic energy of the body at bottom to that at top of the circle is

A. $nn + 4$ $\frac{\mathrm{n}}{\mathrm{n} + 4}$
B. $n + 4n$ $\frac{\mathrm{n} + 4}{\mathrm{n}}$
C. $n²n² + 4$ $\frac{\mathrm{n}^2}{\mathrm{n}^2 + 4}$
D. $n² + 4n²$ $\frac{\mathrm{n}^2 + 4}{\mathrm{n}^2}$

Solution

Related Formula

VBottom = VTop² + 4gR

Core Logic

Given velocity at the top position :

VTop = \sqrt(n² gR)

By work-energy theorem, mechanical energy conservation between the top and bottom positions gives :

VBottom = \sqrt(n² gR + 4gR)

Since $KE = (1)/(2)m v²$ $KE = \frac{1}{2}m v^2$, the ratio of kinetic energy at the bottom to that at the top is

Ratio = VBottom²VTop² = (n² gR + 4gR)/(n² gR) = (n² + 4)/(n²)

Pattern Recognition

Kinetic energy change in vertical circles always gains a fixed additive value of $2mg(2R) = 4mgR$ $2mg(2R) = 4mgR$ due to gravity work.

Chapter Mix

Class 11 Physics: Work, Energy and Power

Q jee_main_2024_01_february_morning Collisions

A simple pendulum of length

1~m

has a wooden bob of mass

1~kg

. It is struck by a bullet of mass

10⁻²~kg

moving with a speed of

2 \times 10²~ms⁻¹

. The bullet gets embedded into the bob. The height to which the bob rises before swinging back is (use

g = 10~m/s²

):

A. 0.30 m
B. 0.20 m
C. 0.35 m
D. 0.40 m

Solution

Related Formula

Conservation of Linear Momentum during embedded collision:

$mu = (M + m)V$ $mu = (M + m)V$

Conservation of Mechanical Energy during vertical rise:

(1)/(2)(M+m)V² = (M+m)gh h = (V²)/(2g)

Core Logic

Given data: $m = 10⁻²~kg$ $m = 10^{-2}\mathrm{~kg}$, $u = 2 \times 10²~ms⁻¹$ $u = 2 \times 10^2\mathrm{~ms}^{-1}$, $M = 1~kg$ $M = 1\mathrm{~kg}$, $g = 10~m/s²$ $g = 10\mathrm{~m/s}^2$.

Apply momentum balance:

10⁻² \times (2 \times 10²) = (1 + 0.01)V

2 = 1.01V V \approx 2~ms⁻¹ (since 1.01 \approx 1)

Step 1: Compute Maximum Rise Height

Using the work-energy relation for the subsequent upward swing:

h = (V²)/(2g) = (2²)/(2 \times 10) = (4)/(20) = 0.20~m

Pattern Recognition

Perfectly inelastic collision approximation: because $m ll M$ $m \ll M$, we can simplify $M+m \approx M$ $M+m \approx M$ during velocity matching to complete the calculation rapidly.

Chapter Mix

Class 11 Physics: Work, Energy and Power Class 11 Physics: Laws of Motion

Q37 jee_main_2024_29_january_evening Conservation of Mechanical Energy

The bob of a pendulum was released from a horizontal position. The length of the pendulum is

10 m

. If it dissipates

10%

of its initial energy against air resistance, the speed with which the bob arrives at the lowest point is: [Use

g = 10 m s⁻²

]

A. $6\sqrt(5) m s⁻¹$ $6\sqrt{5}\text{ m s}^{-1}$
B. $5\sqrt(6) m s⁻¹$ $5\sqrt{6}\text{ m s}^{-1}$
C. $5\sqrt(5) m s⁻¹$ $5\sqrt{5}\text{ m s}^{-1}$
D. $2\sqrt(5) m s⁻¹$ $2\sqrt{5}\text{ m s}^{-1}$

Solution

Related Formula

Potential energy at the horizontal release point relative to the lowest point:

$Uᵢ = mg$ $U_i = mg\ell$

If $10%$ $10\%$ of energy is dissipated, the remaining $90%$ $90\%$ is converted entirely to kinetic energy at the lowest point:

Ef = 0.90 \times Uᵢ = (1)/(2)mv²

Core Logic

Let the horizontal position be our reference for potential energy relative to the lowest point.

Initial potential energy: $Uᵢ = mg$ $U_i = mg\ell$
Energy remaining after $10%$ $10\%$ loss: $0.90(mg )$ $0.90(mg\ell)$

Equating this to kinetic energy at the bottom:

(9)/(10) mg = (1)/(2) mv²

Step 1: Calculate the Velocity

We can cancel $m$ $m$ from both sides:

(9)/(10) g = (1)/(2) v²

Substitute $= 10 m$ $\ell = 10\text{ m}$ and $g = 10 m s⁻²$ $g = 10\text{ m s}^{-2}$:

(9)/(10) (10)(10) = (1)/(2) v²

90 = (1)/(2) v² v² = 180

v = \sqrt(180) = \sqrt(36 \times 5) = 6\sqrt(5) m s⁻¹

Pattern Recognition

Whenever there is a fractional energy loss $x$ $x$, use the formula: $v = \sqrt(2(1-x)g )$ $v = \sqrt{2(1-x)g\ell}$. Substituting $x = 0.1$ $x = 0.1$ gives $v = \sqrt(1.8g )$ $v = \sqrt{1.8g\ell}$ directly.

Chapter Mix

Class 11 Physics: Work, Energy and Power

Solution & Explanation

Core Logic

Step 1: Final Conclusion

Pattern Recognition

Chapter Mix

Reference Study Guides

More Work, Energy and Power Previous-Year Questions — Page 5

Solution

Related Formula

Core Logic

Pattern Recognition

Chapter Mix

Solution

Related Formula

Core Logic

Step 1: Apply Restitution Velocity Difference

Pattern Recognition

Chapter Mix

Solution

Related Formula

Core Logic

Pattern Recognition

Chapter Mix

Solution

Related Formula

Core Logic

Step 1: Compute Maximum Rise Height

Pattern Recognition

Chapter Mix

Solution

Related Formula

Core Logic

Step 1: Calculate the Velocity

Pattern Recognition

Chapter Mix

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