Let mathbfx_1, mathbfx_2, mathbfx_3, mathbfx_4$\mathbf{x}_1, \mathbf{x}_2, \mathbf{x}_3, \mathbf{x}_4$ be in a geometric progression. If 2, 7, 9, 5 are subtracted respectively from mathbfx_1, mathbfx_2, mathbfx_3, mathbfx_4$\mathbf{x}_1, \mathbf{x}_2, \mathbf{x}_3, \mathbf{x}_4$ then the resulting numbers are in an arithmetic progression. Then the value of frac124 (mathbfx_1 mathbfx_2 mathbfx_3 mathbfx_4)$\frac{1}{24} (\mathbf{x}_1 \mathbf{x}_2 \mathbf{x}_3 \mathbf{x}_4)$ is:
A.72$72$
B.18$18$
C.36$36$
D.216$216$
Solution & Explanation
### Related Formula
For a geometric progression, the terms can be set as a, ar, ar^2, ar^3$a, ar, ar^2, ar^3$.
For three terms A, B, C$A, B, C$ to be in arithmetic progression, they must satisfy:
2B = A + C$2B = A + C$
### Core Logic
Let the elements be x_1 = a, x_2 = ar, x_3 = ar^2, x_4 = ar^3$x_1 = a, x_2 = ar, x_3 = ar^2, x_4 = ar^3$.
After the specified subtractions, the sequence becomes:
a - 2, quad ar - 7, quad ar^2 - 9, quad ar^3 - 5$$a - 2, \quad ar - 7, \quad ar^2 - 9, \quad ar^3 - 5$$
Since this sequence is in AP, we form two separate common difference linear linkages:
2(ar - 7) = (a - 2) + (ar^2 - 9) implies 2ar - 14 = ar^2 + a - 11 implies ar^2 - 2ar + a + 3 = 0 quad dots (1)$$2(ar - 7) = (a - 2) + (ar^2 - 9) \implies 2ar - 14 = ar^2 + a - 11 \implies ar^2 - 2ar + a + 3 = 0 \quad \dots (1)$$2(ar^2 - 9) = (ar - 7) + (ar^3 - 5) implies 2ar^2 - 18 = ar^3 + ar - 12 implies ar^3 - 2ar^2 + ar + 6 = 0 quad dots (2)$$2(ar^2 - 9) = (ar - 7) + (ar^3 - 5) \implies 2ar^2 - 18 = ar^3 + ar - 12 \implies ar^3 - 2ar^2 + ar + 6 = 0 \quad \dots (2)$$
### Step 1: Solve the Simultaneous Polynomials
Multiply equation (1) by r$r$:
ar^3 - 2ar^2 + ar + 3r = 0 quad dots (3)$$ar^3 - 2ar^2 + ar + 3r = 0 \quad \dots (3)$$
Subtract equation (3) from equation (2):
(ar^3 - 2ar^2 + ar + 6) - (ar^3 - 2ar^2 + ar + 3r) = 0$$(ar^3 - 2ar^2 + ar + 6) - (ar^3 - 2ar^2 + ar + 3r) = 0$$6 - 3r = 0 implies 3r = 6 implies r = 2$$6 - 3r = 0 \implies 3r = 6 \implies r = 2$$
Substitute r = 2$r = 2$ back into equation (1):
a(2)^2 - 2a(2) + a + 3 = 0$$a(2)^2 - 2a(2) + a + 3 = 0$$4a - 4a + a + 3 = 0 implies a = -3$$4a - 4a + a + 3 = 0 \implies a = -3$$
### Step 2: Find the Continuous Product Value
The continuous product term is:
mathbfx_1mathbfx_2mathbfx_3mathbfx_4 = a cdot ar cdot ar^2 cdot ar^3 = a^4 r^6$$\mathbf{x}_1\mathbf{x}_2\mathbf{x}_3\mathbf{x}_4 = a \cdot ar \cdot ar^2 \cdot ar^3 = a^4 r^6$$mathbfx_1mathbfx_2mathbfx_3mathbfx_4 = (-3)^4 cdot (2)^6 = 81 times 64 = 5184$$\mathbf{x}_1\mathbf{x}_2\mathbf{x}_3\mathbf{x}_4 = (-3)^4 \cdot (2)^6 = 81 \times 64 = 5184$$
Now divide by 24 as required:
frac124(5184) = 216$$\frac{1}{24}(5184) = 216$$
### Pattern Recognition
Notice that multiplying the first AP condition equation by r$r$ perfectly mimics the structure of the second condition equation except for the absolute scalar value, allowing direct elimination of all polynomial variable indices simultaneously.
### Evaluation Rubric / Model Answer
null
### Chapter Mix
Class 11 Mathematics: Sequences and Series
If 7=5+frac17(5+alpha)+frac17^2(5+2alpha)+frac17^3(5+3alpha)+dotsdotsinfty$7=5+\frac{1}{7}(5+\alpha)+\frac{1}{7^{2}}(5+2\alpha)+\frac{1}{7^{3}}(5+3\alpha)+\dots\dots\infty$, then the value of alpha$\alpha$ is: [cite: 3301, 3302]
A.1$1$
B.frac67$\frac{6}{7}$
C.6$6$
D.frac17$\frac{1}{7}$
Solution
### Related Formula
Sum of an infinite geometric progression:
S_infty = fraca1-r quad textfor |r| < 1$$S_{\infty} = \frac{a}{1-r} \quad \text{for } |r| < 1$$
### Core Logic
The given expression is an infinite Arithmetico-Geometric Progression (AGP) :
S = 5 + frac5+alpha7 + frac5+2alpha7^2 + frac5+3alpha7^3 + dots infty$$S = 5 + \frac{5+\alpha}{7} + \frac{5+2\alpha}{7^2} + \frac{5+3\alpha}{7^3} + \dots \infty$$
### Step 1: Shift and Subtract
Multiply the equation by the common ratio frac17$\frac{1}{7}$ and shift it by one position :
frac17S = frac57 + frac5+alpha7^2 + frac5+2alpha7^3 + dots infty$$\frac{1}{7}S = \frac{5}{7} + \frac{5+\alpha}{7^2} + \frac{5+2\alpha}{7^3} + \dots \infty$$
Subtract this from the original equation:
S - frac17S = 5 + left(frac5+alpha-57right) + left(frac5+2alpha-(5+alpha)7^2right) + dots$$S - \frac{1}{7}S = 5 + \left(\frac{5+\alpha-5}{7}\right) + \left(\frac{5+2\alpha-(5+\alpha)}{7^2}\right) + \dots$$frac67S = 5 + fracalpha7 + fracalpha7^2 + fracalpha7^3 + dots$$\frac{6}{7}S = 5 + \frac{\alpha}{7} + \frac{\alpha}{7^2} + \frac{\alpha}{7^3} + \dots$$
### Step 2: Sum the Infinite Geometric Series
Apply the infinite GP formula to the terms involving alpha$\alpha$ :
frac67S = 5 + fracalpha7left(frac11 - frac17right) = 5 + fracalpha7left(frac76right) = 5 + fracalpha6$$\frac{6}{7}S = 5 + \frac{\alpha}{7}\left(\frac{1}{1 - \frac{1}{7}}\right) = 5 + \frac{\alpha}{7}\left(\frac{7}{6}\right) = 5 + \frac{\alpha}{6}$$
Given that S = 7$S = 7$ :
frac67(7) = 5 + fracalpha6 Rightarrow 6 = 5 + fracalpha6$$\frac{6}{7}(7) = 5 + \frac{\alpha}{6} \Rightarrow 6 = 5 + \frac{\alpha}{6}$$1 = fracalpha6 Rightarrow alpha = 6$$1 = \frac{\alpha}{6} \Rightarrow \alpha = 6$$
### Pattern Recognition
Standard trick for infinite AGPs: Multiply by the common ratio r$r$, shift, and subtract to condense the arithmetic progression component into a straightforward infinite geometric progression.
### Evaluation Rubric / Model Answer
null
### Chapter Mix
Class 11 Mathematics: Sequences and Series
Q54jee_main_2025_24_jan_morningSum to n terms of Special Series
Let S_n = frac12 + frac16 + frac112 + frac120 + dots$S_{n} = \frac{1}{2} + \frac{1}{6} + \frac{1}{12} + \frac{1}{20} + \dots$ up to n$n$ terms. If the sum of the first six terms of an A.P. with first term -p$-p$ and common difference p$p$ is sqrt2026S_2025$\sqrt{2026S_{2025}}$, then the absolute difference between 20^textth$20^{\text{th}}$ and 15^textth$15^{\text{th}}$ terms of the A.P. is :
A.25$25$
B.90$90$
C.20$20$
D.45$45$
Solution
### Related Formula
The general term for the provided series is:
T_k = frac1k(k+1) = frac1k - frac1k+1$$T_k = \frac{1}{k(k+1)} = \frac{1}{k} - \frac{1}{k+1}$$
This sets up a standard telescoping summation sequence.
### Core Logic
Express the sum S_2025$S_{2025}$ via telescoping fractions:
S_2025 = sum_k=1^2025 left( frac1k - frac1k+1 right) = left(1 - frac12right) + left(frac12 - frac13right) + dots + left(frac12025 - frac12026right)$$S_{2025} = \sum_{k=1}^{2025} \left( \frac{1}{k} - \frac{1}{k+1} \right) = \left(1 - \frac{1}{2}\right) + \left(\frac{1}{2} - \frac{1}{3}\right) + \dots + \left(\frac{1}{2025} - \frac{1}{2026}\right)$$S_2025 = 1 - frac12026 = frac20252026$$S_{2025} = 1 - \frac{1}{2026} = \frac{2025}{2026}$$
### Step 1: Compute the boundary expression value
Substitute S_2025$S_{2025}$ into the expression value:
sqrt2026 cdot S_2025 = sqrt2026 cdot frac20252026 = sqrt2025 = 45$$\sqrt{2026 \cdot S_{2025}} = \sqrt{2026 \cdot \frac{2025}{2026}} = \sqrt{2025} = 45$$
### Step 2: Apply Arithmetic Progression Summation
The sum of the first 6 terms of the A.P. with a = -p$a = -p$ and d = p$d = p$ is equal to 45:
Sigma_6 = frac62 [2a + (6-1)d] = 45$$\Sigma_6 = \frac{6}{2} [2a + (6-1)d] = 45$$3 [2(-p) + 5p] = 45$$3 [2(-p) + 5p] = 45$$3 [3p] = 45 implies 9p = 45 implies p = 5$$3 [3p] = 45 \implies 9p = 45 \implies p = 5$$
### Step 3: Calculate target absolute term difference
The absolute difference between the 20^textth$20^{\text{th}}$ and 15^textth$15^{\text{th}}$ terms of any A.P. depends strictly on the common difference:
|A_20 - A_15| = |(a + 19p) - (a + 14p)| = 5p$$|A_{20} - A_{15}| = |(a + 19p) - (a + 14p)| = 5p$$5p = 5(5) = 25$5p = 5(5) = 25$
### Pattern Recognition
The series sequence frac12 + frac16 + frac112 + dots$\frac{1}{2} + \frac{1}{6} + \frac{1}{12} + \dots$ is the well-known telescoping series sum frac1n(n+1)$\sum \frac{1}{n(n+1)}$. Its sum to n$n$ terms is identically given by fracnn+1$\frac{n}{n+1}$ without requiring manual re-derivation.
### Evaluation Rubric / Model Answer
null
### Chapter Mix
Class 11 Mathematics: Sequences and Series
Q63jee_main_2025_28_jan_eveningTelescopic Series Summation
For positive integers n, if 4a_n=(n^2+5n+6)$4a_{n}=(n^{2}+5n+6)$ and S_n=sum_k=1^nleft(frac1a_kright)$S_{n}=\sum_{k=1}^{n}\left(\frac{1}{a_{k}}\right)$ then the value of 507 S_2025$S_{2025}$ is:
A.540$540$
B.1350$1350$
C.675$675$
D.135$135$
Solution
### Related Formula
Telescopic series decomposition via method of differences:
frac1(k+2)(k+3) = frac1k+2 - frac1k+3$$\frac{1}{(k+2)(k+3)} = \frac{1}{k+2} - \frac{1}{k+3}$$
### Core Logic
Given:
a_n = fracn^2+5n+64 = frac(n+2)(n+3)4$$a_n = \frac{n^2+5n+6}{4} = \frac{(n+2)(n+3)}{4}$$
Therefore, the reciprocal term is:
frac1a_k = frac4(k+2)(k+3) = 4 left[ frac1k+2 - frac1k+3 right]$$\frac{1}{a_k} = \frac{4}{(k+2)(k+3)} = 4 \left[ \frac{1}{k+2} - \frac{1}{k+3} \right]$$
### Step 1: Compute the Partial Sum
S_n = sum_k=1^n frac1a_k = 4 sum_k=1^n left( frac1k+2 - frac1k+3 right)$$S_n = \sum_{k=1}^{n} \frac{1}{a_k} = 4 \sum_{k=1}^{n} \left( \frac{1}{k+2} - \frac{1}{k+3} \right)$$
Expanding the sum terms:
S_n = 4 left[ left(frac13 - frac14right) + left(frac14 - frac15right) + dots + left(frac1n+2 - frac1n+3right) right]$$S_n = 4 \left[ \left(\frac{1}{3} - \frac{1}{4}\right) + \left(\frac{1}{4} - \frac{1}{5}\right) + \dots + \left(\frac{1}{n+2} - \frac{1}{n+3}\right) \right]$$
All intermediate terms cancel out:
S_n = 4 left[ frac13 - frac1n+3 right] = 4 left[ fracn+3 - 33(n+3) right] = frac4n3(n+3)$$S_n = 4 \left[ \frac{1}{3} - \frac{1}{n+3} \right] = 4 \left[ \frac{n+3 - 3}{3(n+3)} \right] = \frac{4n}{3(n+3)}$$
### Step 2: Calculate for n = 2025
For n = 2025$n = 2025$:
S_2025 = frac4 times 20253 times (2025 + 3) = frac4 times 20253 times 2028$$S_{2025} = \frac{4 \times 2025}{3 \times (2025 + 3)} = \frac{4 \times 2025}{3 \times 2028}$$
We need to find 507 times S_2025$507 \times S_{2025}$:
507 times S_2025 = 507 times frac4 times 20253 times 2028$$507 \times S_{2025} = 507 \times \frac{4 \times 2025}{3 \times 2028}$$
Notice that 2028 = 4 times 507$2028 = 4 \times 507$:
507 times S_2025 = 507 times frac4 times 20253 times (4 times 507) = frac20253 = 675$$507 \times S_{2025} = 507 \times \frac{4 \times 2025}{3 \times (4 \times 507)} = \frac{2025}{3} = 675$$
### Pattern Recognition
Always look for arithmetic factor groupings at the end of large number sequence questions in JEE. Here recognizing 2028 = 4 times 507$2028 = 4 \times 507$ avoids large multi-digit multiplication.
### Evaluation Rubric / Model Answer
null
### Chapter Mix
Class 11 Mathematics: Sequences and Series
The interior angles of a polygon with n sides, are in an A.P. with common difference 6^circ$6^{\circ}$ If the largest interior angle of the polygon is 219^circ$219^{\circ}$, then n is equal to
Numerical Answer.Answer: 20 to 20
Solution
### Related Formula
Sum of interior angles of an n$n$-sided polygon:
S_n = (n - 2) times 180^circ$$S_n = (n - 2) \times 180^\circ$$
Sum of an Arithmetic Progression:
S_n = fracn2 left[ 2a + (n-1)d right]$$S_n = \frac{n}{2} \left[ 2a + (n-1)d \right]$$
### Core Logic
The angles form an AP with common difference d = 6^circ$d = 6^\circ$.
The largest angle is the last term: T_n = 219^circ$T_n = 219^\circ$.
a + (n-1)6 = 219 implies a = 219 - 6n + 6 = 225 - 6n$$a + (n-1)6 = 219 \implies a = 219 - 6n + 6 = 225 - 6n$$
### Step 1: Set up the sum equation
Equating the two forms for the sum of angles:
fracn2 left[ 2a + (n-1)6 right] = (n - 2) times 180$$\frac{n}{2} \left[ 2a + (n-1)6 \right] = (n - 2) \times 180$$
Substitute a = 225 - 6n$a = 225 - 6n$:
fracn2 left[ 2(225 - 6n) + 6n - 6 right] = 180n - 360$$\frac{n}{2} \left[ 2(225 - 6n) + 6n - 6 \right] = 180n - 360$$fracn2 left[ 450 - 12n + 6n - 6 right] = 180n - 360$$\frac{n}{2} \left[ 450 - 12n + 6n - 6 \right] = 180n - 360$$fracn2 left[ 444 - 6n right] = 180n - 360$$\frac{n}{2} \left[ 444 - 6n \right] = 180n - 360$$n(222 - 3n) = 180n - 360$$n(222 - 3n) = 180n - 360$$222n - 3n^2 = 180n - 360$$222n - 3n^2 = 180n - 360$$3n^2 - 42n - 360 = 0$$3n^2 - 42n - 360 = 0$$
### Step 2: Solve the Quadratic Equation
Divide by 3:
n^2 - 14n - 120 = 0$$n^2 - 14n - 120 = 0$$(n - 20)(n + 6) = 0$$(n - 20)(n + 6) = 0$$
Since number of sides n$n$ must be positive, n = 20$n = 20$.
### Pattern Recognition
Always remember that any interior angle of a convex polygon must be less than 180^circ$180^\circ$. Let's check the smallest angle for n=20$n=20$: a = 225 - 120 = 105^circ$a = 225 - 120 = 105^\circ$, which is completely valid.
### Evaluation Rubric / Model Answer
null
### Chapter Mix
Class 11 Mathematics: Sequences and Series
More Sequences and Series Questions — jee_main_2025_07_april_morning
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