Related Formula
Density = MassVolume$$\text{Density} = \frac{\text{Mass}}{\text{Volume}}$$
Core Logic
Given:
Mass = 5.580 ~kg$5.580 \mathrm{~kg}$ (4 significant figures)
Side length = 9.0 ~cm$9.0 \mathrm{~cm}$ (2 significant figures)
Volume = (9.0 ~cm)³ = 729 ~cm³$(9.0 \mathrm{~cm})^3 = 729 \mathrm{~cm}^3$
Density = 5.580 ~kg729 × 10⁻⁶ ~m³$$\text{Density} = \frac{5.580 \mathrm{~kg}}{729 \times 10^{-6} \mathrm{~m}^3}$$
Density = (5.580)/(729) × 10⁶ ~kg/m³ = 0.007654321 × 10⁶$$\text{Density} = \frac{5.580}{729} \times 10^6 \mathrm{~kg/m}^3 = 0.007654321 \times 10^6$$
Density = 7.654321 × 10³ ~kg/m³$$\text{Density} = 7.654321 \times 10^3 \mathrm{~kg/m}^3$$
Step 1: Apply Significant Figures
In multiplication/division, the final answer must be restricted to the lowest number of significant figures in the original data. The side length has 2 significant figures.
Thus, we round 7.654...$7.654...$ to 2 significant figures.
7.654 arrow 7.7$7.654 \rightarrow 7.7$ (rounding the 6$6$ up since the next digit is 5$5$).
Density ≈ 7.7 × 10³ ~kg/m³$\approx 7.7 \times 10^3 \mathrm{~kg/m}^3$.
Comparing with X × 10³$X \times 10^3$, X = 7.7$X = 7.7$.
Pattern Recognition
Do not compute the exact value unthinkingly. Stop immediately when you see "keeping significant figures in view" and match the sig-figs of the least precise input (9.0 ~cm$9.0 \mathrm{~cm}$ -> 2 sig figs).
Chapter Mix
Class 11 Physics: Units and Measurements