In the given circuit, the breakdown voltage of the Zener diode is 3.0 ~V$3.0 \mathrm{~V}$. What is the value of Iz$I_{z}$?
The image shows a circuit diagram with a 10V DC source connected in series with a 1kΩ resistor, followed by a parallel combination of a Zener diode (with current Iz) and a 2kΩ load resistor.
The image shows a circuit diagram with a 10V DC source connected in series with a 1kΩ resistor, followed by a parallel combination of a Zener diode (with current Iz) and a 2kΩ load resistor.
A.3.3 ~mA$3.3 \mathrm{~mA}$
B.5.5 ~mA$5.5 \mathrm{~mA}$
C.10 ~mA$10 \mathrm{~mA}$
D.7 ~mA$7 \mathrm{~mA}$
Solution & Explanation
Related Formula
For a parallel circuit regulator using a Zener diode:
I = Iz + I₁$I = I_z + I_1$
where,
I$I$ = total current through the series resistor
Iz$I_z$ = current through the Zener diode
I₁$I_1$ = current through the load resistor
Core Logic
Given that the breakdown voltage of the Zener diode is:
Vz = 3.0 ~V$$V_z = 3.0 \mathrm{~V}$$
Let potential at junction B$B$ and D$D$ be 0 ~V$0 \mathrm{~V}$. Then, the potential at the Zener cathode A$A$ and load node C$C$ is stabilized at:
VA = VC = 3.0 ~V$$V_A = V_C = 3.0 \mathrm{~V}$$
Potential at the source input E$E$ is 10 ~V$10 \mathrm{~V}$.
Step 1: Calculate Total Current
The potential drop across the series resistor (1 ~kΩ$1 \mathrm{~k}\Omega$) is:
The image shows a circuit diagram with a 10V DC source connected in series with a 1kΩ resistor, followed by a parallel combination of a Zener diode (with current Iz) and a 2kΩ load resistor.
Step 2: Calculate Load Current
The voltage across the load resistor (2 ~kΩ$2 \mathrm{~k}\Omega$) is equal to Vz = 3 ~V$V_z = 3 \mathrm{~V}$. Thus, the load current I₁$I_1$ is:
Iz = I - I₁ = 7 ~mA - 1.5 ~mA = 5.5 ~mA$$I_z = I - I_1 = 7 \mathrm{~mA} - 1.5 \mathrm{~mA} = 5.5 \mathrm{~mA}$$
Therefore, the current through the Zener diode is 5.5 ~mA$5.5 \mathrm{~mA}$.
Pattern Recognition
Whenever you see a Zener diode in breakdown connected parallel to a load, always fix the node potential at the breakdown voltage. Work backwards from the supply potential to find the total current, calculate the load current using Ohm's law, and subtract to find the Zener current.
Chapter Mix
Class 12 Physics: Semiconductor Electronics: Materials, Devices and Simple Circuits
Keywords:#Zener diode#Regulator circuit#Breakdown voltage
More Semiconductor Electronics: Materials, Devices and Simple Circuits Previous-Year Questions
Qjee_main_2026_21_jan_morningLogic Gates
The given circuit works as :
Circuit containing multiple interconnected logic gates leading to a final output.
A. AND gate
B. NOR gate
C. NAND gate
D. OR gate
Solution
Related Formula
De Morgan's Laws:
A + B = A · B$$\overline{A} + \overline{B} = \overline{A \cdot B}$$A = A$$\overline{\overline{A}} = A$$
Core Logic
Analyzing the circuit diagram:
Circuit containing multiple interconnected logic gates leading to a final output.
Top branch has a NOT gate on A, so P = A$P = \overline{A}$
Bottom branch has a NOT gate on B, so Q = B$Q = \overline{B}$
They enter a NOR gate, giving output R = A + B$R = \overline{\overline{A} + \overline{B}}$
Finally, R passes through a NOT gate to give S = R$S = \overline{R}$
Step 1: Boolean Simplification
R = A + B = AB = AB$$R = \overline{\overline{A} + \overline{B}} = \overline{\overline{AB}} = AB$$S = R = AB$$S = \overline{R} = \overline{AB}$$
The expression AB$\overline{AB}$ is the Boolean expression for a NAND gate.
Pattern Recognition
Two NOTs feeding into a NOR equals an AND gate (AB$AB$). Adding a final NOT gate turns the AND into a NAND.
NOR Gate: A+B, NAND Gate: A · B$$\text{NOR Gate: } \overline{A+B}, \quad \text{NAND Gate: } \overline{A \cdot B}$$
Core Logic
Logic gate circuit diagram connected to an LED.
LED will glow in forward biasing when point P is at higher potential (1) and point Q is at lower potential (0).
Testing option (4) [1101]:
Inputs A=1, B=1 through NOR and NAND gates yield P = 1.
Inputs C=1, D=0 through NOR gate yields Q = 0.
Forward bias established, LED glows.
Pattern Recognition
Sees: Logic gates combination with LED forward biasing condition.
Shortcut: Check forward bias requirement (P=1, Q=0) for each option combination.
Check: Option (4) satisfies the condition. ✓
Chapter Mix
Class 12 Physics: Semiconductor Electronics
Q35jee_main_2026_22_january_eveningLogic Gates and Truth Tables
The correct truth table for the given input data of the following logic gate is :
The figure illustrates a combined logic circuit with inputs A, B, C, D feeding into AND, OR, and NOT gates to produce output Y.
A.
Inputs
Output
A
B
C
D
Y
1
1
0
1
1
0
0
1
1
0
1
0
1
0
1
1
1
1
1
0
B.
Inputs
Output
A
B
C
D
Y
1
1
0
1
1
0
0
1
1
0
1
0
1
0
0
1
1
1
1
1
C.
Inputs
Output
A
B
C
D
Y
1
1
0
1
0
0
0
1
1
0
1
0
1
0
1
1
1
1
1
1
D.
Inputs
Output
A
B
C
D
Y
1
1
0
1
0
0
0
1
1
1
1
0
1
0
1
1
1
1
1
1
Solution
Related Formula
Y = ( A · B) · (C + D)$$Y = \overline{(\overline{A \cdot B}) \cdot (C + D)}$$
Applying De Morgan's Law:
Y = (A · B) + ( C + D)$$Y = (A \cdot B) + (\overline{C + D})$$
Core Logic
Analyzing the expression step by step:
Upper branch: A$A$ and B$B$ pass through NAND gate arrow A · B$\rightarrow \overline{A \cdot B}$.
Lower branch: C$C$ and D$D$ pass through OR gate arrow (C + D)$\rightarrow (C + D)$.
Combined in AND gate followed by NOT gate (NAND equivalent output stage):
Y = ( A · B) · (C + D) = (A · B) + ( C + D)$$Y = \overline{(\overline{A \cdot B}) \cdot (C + D)} = (A \cdot B) + (\overline{C + D})$$
The figure illustrates a combined logic circuit with inputs A, B, C, D feeding into AND, OR, and NOT gates to produce output Y.
Step 1: Final Conclusion
Option (2) presents the correct truth table matching the evaluated output values.
Pattern Recognition
Boolean reduction: X · Y = X + Y$\overline{\bar{X} \cdot Y} = X + \bar{Y}$ where X = A · B$X = A \cdot B$ and Y = C+D$Y = C+D$. Hence Y = (A · B) + ( C+D)$Y = (A \cdot B) + (\overline{C+D})$.
Chapter Mix
Class 12 Physics: Semiconductor Electronics
Q37jee_main_2026_23_january_morningZener Diode
The following diagram shows a Zener diode as a voltage regulator. The Zener diode is rated at VZ = 5V$V_{Z} = 5V$ and the desired current in load is 5 mA. The unregulated voltage source can supply up to 25V. Considering the Zener diode can withstand four times of the load current, the value of resistor RS$R_{S}$ (shown in circuit) should be ____ Ω$\Omega$.
Circuit containing unregulated voltage, series resistor Rs, Zener diode, and load resistor.
The question is dropped by the examination authority, meaning there was an anomaly in data or multiple correct interpretations, likely due to imprecise wording regarding the maximum source voltage and the exact safe current rating. In a nominal calculation, I_Zmax = 4 × 5 mA = 20 mA$I_{Z_{\text{max}}} = 4 \times 5 \text{ mA} = 20 \text{ mA}$. Total current I = 25 mA$I = 25 \text{ mA}$. RS = (25 - 5) / (25 × 10⁻³) = 800Ω$R_{S} = (25 - 5) / (25 \times 10^{-3}) = 800\Omega$, which is not in the options.
Step 1: Final Conclusion
Question Dropped.
Pattern Recognition
Sees: "Question Dropped" → This often occurs when mathematical data maps to none of the provided MCQs.
Chapter Mix
Class 12 Physics: Semiconductor Electronics: Materials, Devices and Simple Circuits
Q38jee_main_2026_23_january_eveningLogic Gates
For the given logic gate circuit, which of the following is the correct truth table?
Circuit schematic containing an OR gate and a NAND gate.
A.
n
m
z
0
0
1
0
1
0
1
1
0
1
0
0
B.
n
m
z
0
0
0
0
1
1
1
1
0
1
0
1
C.
n
m
z
0
0
1
0
1
0
1
1
1
1
0
0
D.
n
m
z
0
0
1
0
1
1
1
1
0
1
0
0
Solution
Related Formula
Boolean Algebra rules:
A + AB = A$A + AB = A$A · A = A$A \cdot A = A$
NAND Gate: Z = X · Y$Z = \overline{X \cdot Y}$
Core Logic
Gate 1 (Bottom): This is an OR gate with inputs n$n$ and m$m$.
Output = n + m$n + m$
Gate 2 (Top): This is a NAND gate. Its inputs are direct n$n$ and the output of the OR gate (n + m$n + m$).
Output z = n · (n + m)$z = \overline{n \cdot (n + m)}$
Step 1: Simplify the Boolean Expression
First, expand the inner term:
n · (n + m) = (n · n) + (n · m)$$n \cdot (n + m) = (n \cdot n) + (n \cdot m)$$
Since n · n = n$n \cdot n = n$, this becomes:
n + n · m = n(1 + m) = n · 1 = n$$n + n \cdot m = n(1 + m) = n \cdot 1 = n$$
So the overall output is:
z = n · (n + m) = n$$z = \overline{n \cdot (n + m)} = \overline{n}$$
Step 2: Construct the Truth Table
Since z = n$z = \overline{n}$, the output z$z$ only depends on n$n$ and is its exact inverse.
When n=0, m=0 z=1$n=0, m=0 \implies z=1$
When n=0, m=1 z=1$n=0, m=1 \implies z=1$
When n=1, m=1 z=0$n=1, m=1 \implies z=0$
When n=1, m=0 z=0$n=1, m=0 \implies z=0$
Pattern Recognition
Always simplify the Boolean expression using standard absorption laws (like A(A+B) = A$A(A+B) = A$) before manually evaluating every row. It saves significant time.
Chapter Mix
Class 12 Physics: Semiconductor Electronics
More Semiconductor Electronics: Materials, Devices and Simple Circuits Questions — jee_main_2024_29_jan_morning
Practice past-year questions one chapter at a time. Pick an exam → subject → chapter and get every PYQ for that topic — pulled together from all past papers — with the chapter's key formulas alongside.
