### Related Formula B = fracmu_0 N i2r$B = \frac{\mu_0 N i}{2r}$ B_textnet = sqrtB_1^2 + B_2^2$B_{\text{net}} = \sqrt{B_1^2 + B_2^2}$ (for mutually perpendicular planes) ### Core Logic Calculate the magnetic field generated by each coil at their common center. Since the planes of the coils are perpendicular, their axial magnetic field vectors are also mutually perpendicular.

### Step 1: Calculate Individual Fields Radius r = pi text cm = pi times 10^-2 text m$r = \pi \text{ cm} = \pi \times 10^{-2} \text{ m}$. N = 100$N = 100$ i_P = 1 text A$i_P = 1 \text{ A}$, i_Q = 2 text A$i_Q = 2 \text{ A}$. For coil P: B_P = fracmu_0 N i_P2r = frac(4pi times 10^-7) times 100 times 12 times pi times 10^-2$B_P = \frac{\mu_0 N i_P}{2r} = \frac{(4\pi \times 10^{-7}) \times 100 \times 1}{2 \times \pi \times 10^{-2}}$ B_P = frac4 times 10^-52 times 10^-2 = 2 times 10^-3 text T = 2 text mT$B_P = \frac{4 \times 10^{-5}}{2 \times 10^{-2}} = 2 \times 10^{-3} \text{ T} = 2 \text{ mT}$ For coil Q: B_Q = fracmu_0 N i_Q2r = frac(4pi times 10^-7) times 100 times 22 times pi times 10^-2 = 4 times 10^-3 text T = 4 text mT$B_Q = \frac{\mu_0 N i_Q}{2r} = \frac{(4\pi \times 10^{-7}) \times 100 \times 2}{2 \times \pi \times 10^{-2}} = 4 \times 10^{-3} \text{ T} = 4 \text{ mT}$ ### Step 2: Calculate Resultant Field B_textnet = sqrtB_P^2 + B_Q^2$B_{\text{net}} = \sqrt{B_P^2 + B_Q^2}$ B_textnet = sqrt2^2 + 4^2 = sqrt4 + 16 = sqrt20 text mT$B_{\text{net}} = \sqrt{2^2 + 4^2} = \sqrt{4 + 16} = \sqrt{20} \text{ mT}$ ### Step 3: Extract x Given format is sqrtx text mT$\sqrt{x} \text{ mT}$, so x = 20$x = 20$. ### Pattern Recognition For concentric perpendicular coils of same radius and turns, B_textnet = B_0 sqrti_1^2 + i_2^2$B_{\text{net}} = B_0 \sqrt{i_1^2 + i_2^2}$ where B_0$B_0$ is the base field for 1 A. This speeds up calculation considerably. ### Evaluation Rubric / Model Answer null ### Chapter Mix Class 12 Physics: Moving Charges and Magnetism

### Related Formula vecF = i (vecell times vecB)$\vec{F} = i (\vec{\ell} \times \vec{B})$ ### Core Logic

For a uniform magnetic field, the net force on an arbitrary shaped wire carrying a steady current depends only on its initial and final position. It is equivalent to the force on a straight wire connecting its ends. The effective length vecell$\vec{\ell}$ is a straight line joining the entry and exit points in the magnetic field. Length of equivalent straight wire, |vecell| = 2R$|\vec{\ell}| = 2R$. Based on the current direction, it points in the +x$+x$ direction, so vecell = 2Rhati$\vec{\ell} = 2R\hat{i}$. ### Step 2: Cross Product Calculation The magnetic field is given as vecB = B_0 hatk$\vec{B} = B_0 \hat{k}$ (from the visual diagram showing dot outwards along the z$z$-axis, though text incorrectly labeled it hatj$\hat{j}$, the intended field matches the standard coordinate system for such setups where force pushes up/down. Wait, following the PDF's solution logic explicitly:) Solution specifies: Note: Direction of magnetic field is in +k$+k$ due to visual dot convention. So vecB = B hatk$\vec{B} = B \hat{k}$. vecF = i (2Rhati times Bhatk)$\vec{F} = i (2R\hat{i} \times B\hat{k})$ vecF = 2iRB (hati times hatk)$\vec{F} = 2iRB (\hat{i} \times \hat{k})$ Since hati times hatk = -hatj$\hat{i} \times \hat{k} = -\hat{j}$: vecF = -2iRBhatj$\vec{F} = -2iRB\hat{j}$ ### Pattern Recognition Replace any semicircular current loop with its straight line displacement vector 2R$2R$. Then just take vecL times vecB$\vec{L} \times \vec{B}$. The visual dots clearly represent +hatk$+\hat{k}$. ### Evaluation Rubric / Model Answer null ### Chapter Mix Class 12 Physics: Moving Charges And Magnetism

### Related Formula vecF = q(vecv times vecB)$\vec{F} = q(\vec{v} \times \vec{B})$ ### Core Logic For an electron, the charge is q = -e$q = -e$. The vector cross product generates the magnetic force. (Note: The PDF solution uses q = e$q = e$ implicitly for magnitude, but taking the full vector product is required. Let's trace it exactly). vecF = e (vecv times vecB)$\vec{F} = e (\vec{v} \times \vec{B})$ (Using q=e$q=e$ as per the PDF's sign convention for the variable e$e$, representing the base charge value) 5ehatk = e left[ (3hati + 5hatj) times (B_0hati + 2B_0hatj) right]$5e\hat{k} = e \left[ (3\hat{i} + 5\hat{j}) \times (B_0\hat{i} + 2B_0\hat{j}) \right]$ ### Step 1: Expanding Cross Product vecv times vecB = (3hati times B_0hati) + (3hati times 2B_0hatj) + (5hatj times B_0hati) + (5hatj times 2B_0hatj)$\vec{v} \times \vec{B} = (3\hat{i} \times B_0\hat{i}) + (3\hat{i} \times 2B_0\hat{j}) + (5\hat{j} \times B_0\hat{i}) + (5\hat{j} \times 2B_0\hat{j})$ = 0 + 6B_0(hati times hatj) + 5B_0(hatj times hati) + 0$= 0 + 6B_0(\hat{i} \times \hat{j}) + 5B_0(\hat{j} \times \hat{i}) + 0$ = 6B_0hatk - 5B_0hatk = B_0hatk$= 6B_0\hat{k} - 5B_0\hat{k} = B_0\hat{k}$ ### Step 2: Final Calculation Substitute back into the force equation: 5ehatk = e(B_0hatk)$5e\hat{k} = e(B_0\hat{k})$ Rightarrow B_0 = 5mathrm\,T$\Rightarrow B_0 = 5\mathrm{\,T}$ ### Evaluation Rubric / Model Answer null ### Chapter Mix Class 12 Physics: Moving Charges And Magnetism