CSEC · Business —

Background To Business appeared 20 times across 1 year — 100% of Business. This question is from The Development Of Barter.

Year 2026 Total
Questions 20 20
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(a) Define the term 'barter'. (b) Explain how the creation of a 'surplus' led early humans to transition from a subsistence economy to a trading economy.

Solution & Explanation

Core Logic

(a) Barter is defined as the exchange of one good or service for another without the use of money. (b) In early primitive communities, humans engaged in direct production, hunting and gathering just enough to survive (a subsistence economy). Over time, as they learned to farm, domesticate animals, and produce better tools, they generated more goods than they strictly needed for their own survival. This excess production is called a 'surplus'. Having a surplus allowed individuals to trade their excess goods for the surplus of others, granting them access to a wider variety of goods and improving their standard of living, marking the transition into a trading economy.

Evaluation Rubric / Model Answer

For full marks, candidates must include:

  • Barter: Exchange of goods/services without money.
  • Subsistence economy: Producing only what is needed for survival.
  • Surplus generation: Improved farming/tools leading to excess production.
  • Trading transition: Exchanging excess (surplus) to acquire a wider variety of goods, moving away from pure direct production.
Chapter Mix

Class 10 Business: Background To Business

Reference Study Guides

Background To Business

More Background To Business Previous-Year Questions — Page 2

Q6 csec_pob_2026_15_january_morning Instruments Of Exchange
What is the primary difference in how funds are processed between a credit card and a debit card at a point of sale?
  • A. Credit cards withdraw money directly from the user's bank account, while debit cards create a short-term loan.
  • B. Debit cards immediately withdraw funds from the customer's account, whereas credit cards allow delayed payment billed by the issuer.
  • C. Debit cards can only be used for e-commerce, whereas credit cards are strictly for physical traders.
  • D. Credit cards do not require a PIN for verification, whereas all debit cards do.

Solution

Core Logic

Debit card transactions immediately and directly withdraw the purchase amount from the cardholder's bank account and transfer it to the seller's account. In contrast, credit card transactions allow the cardholder to delay payment; the bank or credit card company pays the trader and subsequently bills the cardholder, who can pay later (sometimes incurring interest).

Step 1: Final Conclusion

Debit cards access user funds instantly, while credit cards provide deferred billing through a credit line.

Pattern Recognition

Direct/immediate withdrawal = Debit card. Delayed payment/billed later = Credit card.

Chapter Mix

Class 10 Business: Background To Business

Q7 csec_pob_2026_15_january_morning Instruments Of Exchange
A consumer wants their bank to automatically transfer a specific, unvarying amount of money to their landlord on the first day of every month for a year. Which payment method is most appropriate?
  • A. Direct debit
  • B. Standing order
  • C. Bank draft
  • D. Telegraphic money transfer

Solution

Core Logic

A standing order (or banker's order) is an instruction given by an account holder to their bank to pay a regular, fixed amount to a specific person or organization on a specific date. While direct debit is also for regular payments, it is typically used when the amount varies (like utility bills) and is initiated by the payee.

Step 1: Final Conclusion

Because the payment is a regular, fixed amount (rent), a standing order is the exact mechanism designed for this.

Pattern Recognition

Regular + Fixed Amount + Initiated by Payer = Standing Order. Regular + Variable Amount + Initiated by Payee = Direct Debit.

Chapter Mix

Class 10 Business: Background To Business

Q8 csec_pob_2026_15_january_morning Instruments Of Exchange
Which of the following is an application running on a smartphone or tablet that allows users to store, send, and receive money digitally without using a traditional plastic card?
  • A. Telebanking
  • B. Direct deposits
  • C. M-money
  • D. Bank draft

Solution

Core Logic

M-money, or a mobile wallet, is an application on a mobile device (smartphone, tablet, smartwatch) that enables a user to store, send, and receive money. It bypasses the need for physical cash or traditional plastic credit/debit cards.

Step 1: Final Conclusion

The definition provided directly corresponds to M-money (mobile wallet).

Pattern Recognition

Smartphone app + storing/sending money digitally = M-money/Mobile wallet.

Chapter Mix

Class 10 Business: Background To Business

Q9 csec_pob_2026_15_january_morning Instruments Of Exchange
A creditor is unwilling to accept a standard personal cheque from a buyer in another city due to the risk of the cheque bouncing. Which alternative payment method acts 'as good as cash' because it is drawn on and guaranteed by the issuing bank itself?
  • A. Bill of exchange
  • B. Bank draft
  • C. Promissory note
  • D. Direct debit

Solution

Core Logic

A bank draft is a form of cheque drawn directly on the issuing bank's own funds rather than the customer's account. Because the customer pays the bank in advance for the draft, the bank guarantees the payment, making the draft as secure as cash. This is ideal when sellers do not trust personal cheques.

Step 1: Final Conclusion

A guaranteed cheque drawn on the bank itself is a bank draft.

Pattern Recognition

Guaranteed by bank + drawn on bank's own funds + as good as cash = Bank draft.

Chapter Mix

Class 10 Business: Background To Business

Q10 csec_pob_2026_15_january_morning Instruments Of Exchange
Which payment method enables employers to automatically pay the wages of their employees directly into the employees' bank accounts without writing physical cheques?
  • A. Standing order
  • B. Direct deposits
  • C. Documentary credit
  • D. Money orders

Solution

Core Logic

Direct deposits are electronic funds transfers (EFT) typically used by employers to deposit wages straight into the bank accounts of their employees. This avoids the administrative burden of writing out individual cheques or handling large sums of physical cash on payday.

Step 1: Final Conclusion

The mass electronic transfer of wages into employee accounts is known as a direct deposit.

Pattern Recognition

Employer paying wages + electronic deposit to bank account = Direct deposit.

Chapter Mix

Class 10 Business: Background To Business

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