Related Formula
Componendo and Dividendo: (a)/(b) = (c)/(d) (a+b)/(a-b) = (c+d)/(c-d)$$\text{Componendo and Dividendo: } \frac{a}{b} = \frac{c}{d} \implies \frac{a+b}{a-b} = \frac{c+d}{c-d}$$
A B ± A B = (A ± B)$$\sin A \cos B \pm \cos A \sin B = \sin(A \pm B)$$
Core Logic
Rewrite the given equation by dividing x$\tan x$ to the LHS:
(x + 100°) x = (x + 50°) (x - 50°)$$\frac{\tan(x + 100^{\circ})}{\tan x} = \tan(x + 50^{\circ}) \tan(x - 50^{\circ})$$
Convert all terms to sines and cosines:
(x + 100°) x (x + 100°) x = (x + 50°) (x - 50°) (x + 50°) (x - 50°)$$\frac{\sin(x + 100^{\circ}) \cos x}{\cos(x + 100^{\circ}) \sin x} = \frac{\sin(x + 50^{\circ}) \sin(x - 50^{\circ})}{\cos(x + 50^{\circ}) \cos(x - 50^{\circ})}$$
Step 1: Componendo and Dividendo
Apply Componendo and Dividendo on both sides:
(x + 100°) x + (x + 100°) x (x + 100°) x - (x + 100°) x = (x + 50°) (x - 50°) + (x + 50°) (x - 50°) (x + 50°) (x - 50°) - (x + 50°) (x - 50°)$$\frac{\sin(x + 100^{\circ}) \cos x + \cos(x + 100^{\circ}) \sin x}{\sin(x + 100^{\circ}) \cos x - \cos(x + 100^{\circ}) \sin x} = \frac{\sin(x + 50^{\circ}) \sin(x - 50^{\circ}) + \cos(x + 50^{\circ}) \cos(x - 50^{\circ})}{\sin(x + 50^{\circ}) \sin(x - 50^{\circ}) - \cos(x + 50^{\circ}) \cos(x - 50^{\circ})}$$
Simplify numerators and denominators using addition formulas:
(2x + 100°) (100°) = (100°)- (2x)$$\frac{\sin(2x + 100^{\circ})}{\sin(100^{\circ})} = \frac{\cos(100^{\circ})}{-\cos(2x)}$$
Cross multiply:
- (2x + 100°) (2x) = (100°) (100°)$$- \sin(2x + 100^{\circ}) \cos(2x) = \sin(100^{\circ}) \cos(100^{\circ})$$
Step 2: Trigonometric Simplification
Multiply by 2:
-2 (2x + 100°) (2x) = 2 (100°) (100°)$$-2 \sin(2x + 100^{\circ}) \cos(2x) = 2 \sin(100^{\circ}) \cos(100^{\circ})$$
Use product-to-sum formulas:
- ( (4x + 100°) + (100°)) = (200°)$$- (\sin(4x + 100^{\circ}) + \sin(100^{\circ})) = \sin(200^{\circ})$$
(4x + 100°) + (100°) + (200°) = 0$$\sin(4x + 100^{\circ}) + \sin(100^{\circ}) + \sin(200^{\circ}) = 0$$
Combine the constant sines:
(100°) + (200°) = 2 (150°) (-50°) = 2 ((1)/(2)) (50°) = (50°)$$\sin(100^{\circ}) + \sin(200^{\circ}) = 2 \sin(150^{\circ}) \cos(-50^{\circ}) = 2 \left(\frac{1}{2}\right) \cos(50^{\circ}) = \cos(50^{\circ})$$
So,
(4x + 100°) = - (50°)$$\sin(4x + 100^{\circ}) = -\cos(50^{\circ})$$
Step 3: Solving for x
Convert - (50°)$-\cos(50^{\circ})$ into sine:
- (50°) = - (40°) = (-40°)$$-\cos(50^{\circ}) = -\sin(40^{\circ}) = \sin(-40^{\circ})$$
Therefore:
(4x + 100°) = (-40°)$$\sin(4x + 100^{\circ}) = \sin(-40^{\circ})$$
The general solution is:
4x + 100° = n(180°) + (-1)ⁿ (-40°)$$4x + 100^{\circ} = n(180^{\circ}) + (-1)^n (-40^{\circ})$$
4x = n(180°) + (-1)ⁿ⁺¹(40°) - 100°$$4x = n(180^{\circ}) + (-1)^{n+1}(40^{\circ}) - 100^{\circ}$$
x = n(45°) + (-1)ⁿ⁺¹(10°) - 25°$$x = n(45^{\circ}) + (-1)^{n+1}(10^{\circ}) - 25^{\circ}$$
Step 4: Finding Specific Roots
Substitute integers for n$n$ to find roots in the interval x in [0, 180°]$x \in [0, 180^{\circ}]$:
For n = 1$n = 1$: x = 45° + (1)(10°) - 25° = 30°$x = 45^{\circ} + (1)(10^{\circ}) - 25^{\circ} = 30^{\circ}$
For n = 2$n = 2$: x = 90° + (-1)(10°) - 25° = 55°$x = 90^{\circ} + (-1)(10^{\circ}) - 25^{\circ} = 55^{\circ}$
For n = 3$n = 3$: x = 135° + (1)(10°) - 25° = 120°$x = 135^{\circ} + (1)(10^{\circ}) - 25^{\circ} = 120^{\circ}$
For n = 4$n = 4$: x = 180° + (-1)(10°) - 25° = 145°$x = 180^{\circ} + (-1)(10^{\circ}) - 25^{\circ} = 145^{\circ}$
For n = 5$n = 5$: x = 225° + (1)(10°) - 25° = 210°$x = 225^{\circ} + (1)(10^{\circ}) - 25^{\circ} = 210^{\circ}$ (Out of bounds)
There are exactly 4$4$ solutions in [0, 180°]$[0, 180^{\circ}]$.
Pattern Recognition
Fractional equality of sine and cosine products heavily points to Componendo and Dividendo. Pushing x$\tan x$ to the left immediately creates the standard format ready to collapse back into (A ± B)$\sin(A \pm B)$ and (A ± B)$\cos(A \pm B)$.
Chapter Mix
Class 11 Maths: Trigonometric Equations