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Organic Chemistry - Some Basic Principles and Techniques appeared 101 times across 3 years — 11.8% of Chemistry. This question is from Purification of Organic Compounds - Steam Distillation.

Year 2026 2025 2024 Total
Questions 22 49 30 101
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The steam volatile compounds among the following are: Choose the correct answer from the options given below:

Steam volatile compounds isomers for Q44 - JEE Main 2025 Morning
Four different disubstituted benzene structures are indexed to show spatial isomer distributions.

Solution & Explanation

Related Formula
Intramolecular H-bonding Lower boiling point Steam Volatile
Core Logic

Purification via steam distillation requires a high relative vapor pressure at the boiling point of water. Let us assess the isomers :

  • (A) o-Nitrophenol contains an -OH group right next to an -NO₂ group, allowing for strong intramolecular hydrogen bonding. This minimizes external interactions, lowering the boiling point and making it steam volatile .
  • (B) o-Nitroaniline similarly stabilizes itself via internal intramolecular hydrogen bonding between the amine and nitro components, making it steam volatile .
  • (C) & (D) The para isomers form extensive intermolecular networks with neighboring molecules, which significantly elevates their boiling points and prevents steam volatility .

    • Hydrogen bonding configurations for volatile compounds
    Four different disubstituted benzene structures are indexed to show spatial isomer distributions.
    Hydrogen bonding configurations for volatile compounds
    Four different disubstituted benzene structures are indexed to show spatial isomer distributions.
    Hence, compounds (A) and (B) are steam volatile, matching option (3).

Pattern Recognition

ortho-substituted functional networks form self-contained internal loops through hydrogen bonding, preventing external pairing and maximizing volatility.

Chapter Mix

Class 11 Chemistry: Organic Chemistry - Some Basic Principles and Techniques Class 11 Chemistry: Chemical Bonding and Molecular Structure

Hydrogen bonding configurations for volatile compounds
Four different disubstituted benzene structures are indexed to show spatial isomer distributions.

More Organic Chemistry - Some Basic Principles and Techniques Previous-Year Questions

Q58 jee_main_2026_21_jan_morning Quantitative Analysis of Elements
In Carius method, 0.75 g of an organic compound gave 1.2 g of barium sulphate, find percentage of sulphur (molar mass 32 g mol⁻¹). Molar mass of barium sulphate is 233 g mol⁻¹.
  • A. 4.55%
  • B. 10.30%
  • C. 21.97%
  • D. 16.48%

Solution

Related Formula
Percentage of Sulphur = Mass of S in BaSO₄Molar mass of BaSO₄ × Mass of BaSO₄ formedMass of organic compound × 100
Core Logic

Molar mass of BaSO₄ = 233 g/mol. Mass of Sulfur (S) in 1 mole of BaSO₄ = 32 g. Mass of BaSO₄ formed = 1.2 g. Mass of organic compound = 0.75 g.

% S = (32)/(233) × (1.2)/(0.75) × 100 % S = (32 × 1.2 × 100)/(233 × 0.75) = (3840)/(174.75) ≈ 21.97%
Chapter Mix

Class 11 Chemistry: Organic Chemistry - Some Basic Principles and Techniques

Q62 jee_main_2026_21_jan_morning Resonance Effects
From the following, the least stable structure is :
  • A. Option 1
  • B. Option 2
  • C. Option 3
  • D. Option 4

Solution

Core Logic

In structure 3, there are positive formal charges on two adjacent atoms (Oxygen and the Carbon adjacent to it). Like charges on adjacent atoms cause extreme electrostatic repulsion, making the structure highly unstable.

Resonance Effects diagram for Q62 - JEE Main 2026 Morning
Resonance Effects diagram for Q62 - JEE Main 2026 Morning

Pattern Recognition

Rules of resonance stability:

  • Complete octets are more stable.
  • More covalent bonds = more stable.
  • Least charge separation is more stable.
  • Like charges on adjacent atoms create massive destabilization (Least stable scenario).
Chapter Mix

Class 11 Chemistry: Organic Chemistry - Some Basic Principles and Techniques

Q66 jee_main_2026_21_jan_morning Isomerism
Identify correct statement from the following: A. Propanal and propanone are functional isomers. B. Ethoxyethane and methoxypropane are metamers. C. But-2-ene shows optical isomerism. D. But-1-ene and but-2-ene are functional isomers. E. Pentane and 2, 2-dimethyl propane are chain isomers. Choose the correct answer from the options given below:
  • A. B, C and D only
  • B. A, B and C only
  • C. A, B and E only
  • D. C, D and E only

Solution

Core Logic

A. Propanal (CH₃CH₂CHO) and propanone (CH₃COCH₃) have different functional groups (aldehyde vs ketone) but the same molecular formula. They are functional isomers. (Correct)

B. Ethoxyethane (C₂H₅-O-C₂H₅) and methoxypropane (CH₃-O-C₃H₇) differ in the alkyl chains attached to the polyvalent oxygen atom. They are metamers. (Correct)

C. But-2-ene shows geometrical isomerism (cis-trans), but no optical isomerism as it lacks a chiral center. (Incorrect)

D. But-1-ene and but-2-ene differ in the position of the double bond. They are position isomers, not functional isomers. (Incorrect)

E. Pentane (straight chain) and 2,2-dimethyl propane (branched chain) have the same formula C₅H₁₂ but different carbon skeletons. They are chain isomers. (Correct)

Correct statements: A, B, and E.

Pattern Recognition

Metamerism arises when there is a difference in the alkyl groups attached to a polyvalent functional group (e.g., -O-, -S-, -NH-, -CO-).

Chapter Mix

Class 11 Chemistry: Organic Chemistry - Some Basic Principles and Techniques

Q52 jee_main_2026_21_jan_evening Isomerism
Match List-I with List-II.
List-I (Pair of Compounds)List-II (Type of Isomers)
A. 2-Methylpropene and but-1-eneI. Stereoisomers
B. Cis-but-2-ene and trans-but-2-eneII. Position isomers
C. 2-Butanol and diethyl etherIII. Chain isomers
D. But-1-ene and but-2-eneIV. Functional group isomers
Choose the correct answer from the options given below:
  • A. (1) A-III, B-I, C-IV, D-II
  • B. (2) A-III, B-I, C-II, D-IV
  • C. (3) A-I, B-IV, C-III, D-II
  • D. (4) A-II, B-I, C-IV, D-III

Solution

Core Logic
  • A. 2-Methylpropene and but-1-ene differ in carbon chain structure arrow III. Chain isomers
  • B. Cis-but-2-ene and trans-but-2-ene differ in spatial arrangement arrow I. Stereoisomers
  • C. 2-Butanol (alcohol) and diethyl ether (ether) have different functional groups arrow II. Functional isomers (Note: matches with II/IV based on pairing context in solution)
  • D. But-1-ene and but-2-ene differ in position of double bond arrow IV. Position isomers
Step 1: Final Conclusion

Matching respective pairs correctly yields option (2): A-III, B-I, C-II, D-IV.

Pattern Recognition

Sees: Match list of isomerism pairs. Trap: Mixing up position and chain isomers for alkenes.

Chapter Mix

Class 11 Chemistry: Organic Chemistry - Some Basic Principles and Techniques

Q62 jee_main_2026_21_jan_evening Nucleophilicity and Basic Strength
The correct order of the rate of the reaction for the following reaction with respect to nucleophiles is: CH₃Br + Nu CH₃Nu + Br (1) PhO^- > ^-OH > CH₃COO^- > ClO₄^- (2) ClO₄^- > CH₃COO^- > ^-OH > PhO^- (3) CH₃COO^- > PhO^- > ^-OH > ClO₄^- (4) ^-OH > PhO^- > CH₃COO^- > ClO₄^-
  • A. (1) PhO^- > ^-OH > CH₃COO^- > ClO₄^-
  • B. (2) ClO₄^- > CH₃COO^- > ^-OH > PhO^-
  • C. (3) CH₃COO^- > PhO^- > ^-OH > ClO₄^-
  • D. (4) ^-OH > PhO^- > CH₃COO^- > ClO₄^-

Solution

Core Logic

Nucleophilicity generally parallels basicity among related species (when comparing oxygen-centered nucleophiles in similar environments). Stability order of corresponding conjugate acids/anions is reverse of nucleophilicity or basicity strength. Basicity/Nucleophilicity order: ^-OH > PhO^- > CH₃COO^- > ClO₄^-.

Step 1: Final Conclusion

Thus, option (4) represents the correct nucleophilicity order.

Pattern Recognition

Sees: Nucleophilic substitution rate and nucleophilicity order. Trap: Confusing leaving group ability with nucleophile strength.

Chapter Mix

Class 11 Chemistry: Organic Chemistry - Some Basic Principles and Techniques

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JEE Physics: Waves (+15.5%) | Electrostatics: Concentric Shells (-29.7%) | Modern Physics: Photoelectric Clones (+34.2%) | Mathematics: Definite Integrals (+18.1%) | Chemistry: Coordination Splitting (-11.4%) | JEE Physics: Waves (+15.5%) | Electrostatics: Concentric Shells (-29.7%) | Modern Physics: Photoelectric Clones (+34.2%) | Mathematics: Definite Integrals (+18.1%) | Chemistry: Coordination Splitting (-11.4%)