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Complex Numbers appeared 41 times across 3 years — 4.7% of Mathematics. This question is from Geometry of Complex Numbers.

Year 2026 2025 2024 Total
Questions 11 16 14 41

Let P=zin C:|z+2-3i|≤1 and Q=zin C:z(1+i)+ z(1-i)≤-8. Let in P Q, |z-3+2i| be maximum and minimum at z₁ and z₂ respectively. If |z₁|²+2|z₂|²=α+β√(2), where α, β are integers, then α+β equals

Numerical Answer Type:
Enter a numerical value Answer: 36 to 36 +4 marks

Solution & Explanation

Related Formula

For a complex coordinate transformation, substituting z = x + iy and its conjugate z = x - iy maps a complex condition directly into rectangular Cartesian coordinates.

Core Logic

Let's translate the complex set properties into Cartesian geometry:

  • Set P: |z - (-2 + 3i)| ≤ 1 Interior and boundary of a circle with center C(-2, 3) and radius r = 1.
  • Set Q: (x+iy)(1+i) + (x-iy)(1-i) ≤ -8 (x - y + ix + iy) + (x - y - ix - iy) ≤ -8
2(x - y) ≤ -8 x - y + 4 ≤ 0

This defines a half-plane below or to the left of the boundary line L₂: x - y + 4 = 0.

Step 1: Identify Extreme Points for Distance from Point A

We want to find points in the region P Q that minimize and maximize the distance to the external point A(3, -2), corresponding to |z - (3 - 2i)|.

The line L₁ connecting center C(-2, 3) and point A(3, -2) has slope:

m = (-2 - 3)/(3 - (-2)) = (-5)/(5) = -1

Equation of line L₁: y - 3 = -1(x + 2) x + y - 1 = 0.

Geometric region intersection for complex inequalities for Q27 - JEE Main 2024 01 February Morning
The graphic details the intersection region bounded by the circular locus and the line inequality, showing points z1 and z2 relative to external reference point P.

Step 2: Calculate Coordinates for z₁ and z₂
  • Minimum Distance Point (z₂): By geometric observation, the minimum distance from A to the bounded region is the intersection point of lines L₁ and L₂:
x - y + 4 = 0 and x + y - 1 = 0 2x + 3 = 0 x = -(3)/(2), y = (5)/(2)

So, z₂ = (-(3)/(2), (5)/(2)).

  • Maximum Distance Point (z₁): The maximum distance is at the far boundary edge of the circle along line L₁. The vector path from C(-2, 3) opposite to A has unit direction (- 1√(2), 1√(2)):
z₁ = (-2 - 1√(2), 3 + 1√(2))
Step 3: Evaluate Magnitudes and Sum Parameters

Calculate the squares of the moduli:

|z₁|² = (-2 - 1√(2))² + (3 + 1√(2))² = 4 + 2√(2) + (1)/(2) + 9 + 3√(2) + (1)/(2) = 14 + 5√(2) |z₂|² = (-(3)/(2))² + ((5)/(2))² = (9)/(4) + (25)/(4) = (34)/(4) = (17)/(2)

Now compute the total requested term:

|z₁|² + 2|z₂|² = (14 + 5√(2)) + 2((17)/(2)) = 14 + 5√(2) + 17 = 31 + 5√(2)

Matching with α + β√(2) gives α = 31 and β = 5. Thus:

α + β = 31 + 5 = 36
Pattern Recognition

Sees: Locus intersection involving geometric complex inequalities. Shortcut: Translating complex equations into standard 2D graphs reveals the geometry instantly, mapping extreme distances to line intersections or boundary nodes cleanly.

Chapter Mix

Class 11 Complex Numbers: Geometry Class 11 Coordinate Geometry: Straight Lines

More Complex Numbers Previous-Year Questions — Page 7

Q21 jee_main_2024_29_january_evening Roots of Quadratic Equations
Let α, β be the roots of the equation x² - √(6) x + 3 = 0 such that Im(α) > Im(β). Let a, b be integers not divisible by 3 and n be a natural number such that α⁹⁹β + α⁹⁸ = 3ⁿ (a + ib), i = √(-1). Then n + a + b is equal to
Numerical Answer. Answer: 49 to 49

Solution

Related Formula

Using Euler's formula:

eiθ = θ + i θ
Core Logic

Solving the quadratic root configurations for x² - √(6)x + 3 = 0:

x = √(6) ± √(6 - 12)2 = √(6) ± i√(6)2 = √(6)2(1 ± i)

Given Im(α) > Im(β), we set:

α = √(3) ( 1+i√(2)) = √(3) eiπ/4 β = √(3) ( 1-i√(2)) = √(3) e-iπ/4
Step 1: Simplify Target Expression

Let us factor out common variables:

α⁹⁹β + α⁹⁸ = α⁹⁸ ( (α)/(β) + 1 ) = α⁹⁸(α + β)β

Since α + β = √(6):

Value = (√(3)eiπ/4)⁹⁸ · √(6)√(3)e-iπ/4 = 3⁴⁹ ei 98π/4 · √(2) eiπ/4 = 3⁴⁹ · √(2) ei 99π/4

Evaluate ei 99π/4:

99(π)/(4) = 24π + (3π)/(4) ei 99π/4 = ei 3π/4 = -1+i√(2)

Substituting this back:

Value = 3⁴⁹ · √(2) ( -1+i√(2) ) = 3⁴⁹(-1 + i)
Step 2: Resolving Constants

Comparing with the given expression 3ⁿ(a + ib):

n = 49, a = -1, b = 1

Therefore:

n + a + b = 49 - 1 + 1 = 49
Pattern Recognition

Convert complex expressions into polar form r eiθ early. Power scaling like α⁹⁸ becomes simple multiplication under Euler structures.

Chapter Mix

Class 11 Mathematics: Complex Numbers and Quadratic Equations

Q29 jee_main_2024_29_january_evening Integral Solutions
Let the set C = (x,y) x² -2y = 2023, x,yin N. Then Σ(x,y)in C(x + y) is equal to
Numerical Answer. Answer: 46 to 46

Solution

Related Formula

Analyze structural equations through modular constraints (e.g., modulo 3 or 4) to limit potential bounds.

Core Logic

Given the equation: x² - 2^y = 2023. Let us inspect the numbers modulo 8:

2023 ≡ 7 8

A perfect square x² can only be congruent to 0, 1, 4 8.

  • If y ≥ 3, then 2^y ≡ 0 8 x² ≡ 7 8, which is impossible.
  • Therefore, y must be less than 3. Since y in N, the only choices are y = 1 or y = 2.

Step 1: Testing Small Exponent Valuations
  • Case 1: y = 1
x² - 2¹ = 2023 x² = 2025 x = 45 (since 45² = 2025)

This gives a valid natural solution pair: (45, 1).

  • Case 2: y = 2
x² - 2² = 2023 x² = 2027

Since 2027 is not a perfect square, this yields no natural solutions.

Thus, the only valid point element inside set C is (45, 1).

Step 2: Sum Evaluation

Evaluating the required target accumulation:

Σ (x + y) = 45 + 1 = 46
Pattern Recognition

Exponential Diophantine equations (equations with variables in exponents) are best analyzed using modular arithmetic constraints to quickly find small finite upper bounds.

Chapter Mix

Class 11 Mathematics: Principle of Mathematical Induction / Number Theory

Q jee_main_2024_27_jan_morning Modulus and Conjugate
If S=zin C:|z-i|=|z+i|=|z-1|, then n(S) is:
  • A. 1
  • B. 0
  • C. 3
  • D. 2

Solution

Related Formula
|z - z₁| = |z - z₂|

This represents the perpendicular bisector of the line segment joining the points z₁ and z₂ in the complex plane.

Core Logic

The given set defines a complex number z that is equidistant from three fixed points: A ≡ (0, 1) corresponding to i B ≡ (0, -1) corresponding to -i C ≡ (1, 0) corresponding to 1

The condition |z-i|=|z+i|=|z-1| implies that z is the point of intersection of the perpendicular bisectors of the sides of the triangle formed by A, B, and C.

Step 1: Finding the Circumcenter

The point of intersection of the perpendicular bisectors of a triangle is its circumcenter. Since A(0,1), B(0,-1), and C(1,0) form a unique, non-degenerate triangle, they have exactly one unique circumcenter.

Step 2: Final Conclusion

Therefore, there is only one such complex number z that satisfies the condition. n(S) = 1

Pattern Recognition

Recognize that |z - z₁| = |z - z₂| = |z - z₃| is geometrically identical to finding the circumcenter of a triangle with vertices at z₁, z₂, and z₃. A non-collinear set of three points always yields exactly 1 circumcenter.

Chapter Mix

Class 11 Maths: Complex Numbers Class 11 Maths: Straight Lines

Q30 jee_main_2024_27_jan_morning Cube Roots of Unity
If α satisfies the equation x²+x+1=0 and (1+α)⁷=A+Bα+Cα², A, B, C≥ 0, then 5(3A-2B-C) is equal to:
Numerical Answer. Answer: 5 to 5

Solution

Related Formula
1 + ω + ω² = 0

ω³ = 1

Core Logic

The equation x² + x + 1 = 0 is the standard identity whose roots are the non-real cube roots of unity, ω and ω². Let us assign α = ω. We are given the expression (1+α)⁷. Substituting the root: (1+ω)⁷.

Step 1: Simplify using Unity Properties

From the identity 1 + ω + ω² = 0, we extract:

1 + ω = -ω²

Substitute this into the expression:

(1+ω)⁷ = (-ω²)⁷ = -ω¹⁴
Step 2: Cyclical Reduction

Using ω³ = 1, reduce the exponent 14 modulo 3:

14 = 3(4) + 2 ⇒ ω¹⁴ = (ω³)⁴ · ω² = 1 · ω² = ω²

Thus, the expression reduces to -ω². Rewrite this back to its linear form using 1 + ω + ω² = 0:

-ω² = 1 + ω = 1 + α
Step 3: Finding Co-efficients

We compare 1 + α with A + Bα + Cα². Notice that 1 + α can be directly represented without any α² term (and we must keep A, B, C ≥ 0). So, A = 1, B = 1, C = 0.

Step 4: Final Output Evaluation

Substitute these constants into the required equation 5(3A - 2B - C):

5(3(1) - 2(1) - 0) 5(3 - 2) = 5(1) = 5
Pattern Recognition

The roots of x²+x+1=0 are always ω, ω². Expressions of the form (1+ω)^k rapidly collapse down to single variables via the 1+ω+ω²=0 rule, making multi-variable polynomial equations instantly trivial.

Chapter Mix

Class 11 Maths: Complex Numbers

Q5 jee_main_2024_29_jan_morning Modulus and Equality of Complex Numbers
If z=(1)/(2)-2i, is such that |z+1|=α z+β(1+i), i=√(-1) and α,βin R, then α+β is equal to
  • A. -4
  • B. 3
  • C. 2
  • D. -1

Solution

Related Formula
|x + iy| = √(x² + y²)

Two complex numbers are equal if and only if their real and imaginary parts are respectively equal.

Core Logic

Given z = (1)/(2) - 2i. Calculate |z + 1|:

|z + 1| = | ((1)/(2) - 2i) + 1 | = | (3)/(2) - 2i | = √(((3)/(2))² + (-2)²) = √((9)/(4) + 4) = √((25)/(4)) = (5)/(2)

Now substitute z and |z + 1| into the original equation:

(5)/(2) = α((1)/(2) - 2i) + β(1 + i)

Expand and group real and imaginary components on the RHS:

(5)/(2) = ((α)/(2) - 2α i) + (β + β i) (5)/(2) = ((α)/(2) + β) + i(β - 2α)
Step 1: Equate Parts

By equating the real and imaginary parts from both sides, we get a system of linear equations:

Imaginary part:

0 = β - 2α ⇒ β = 2α

Real part:

(5)/(2) = (α)/(2) + β

Substitute β = 2α into the real part equation:

(5)/(2) = (α)/(2) + 2α (5)/(2) = (5α)/(2)

α = 1

Using α = 1, find β:

β = 2(1) = 2
Step 2: Final Calculation

Calculate the final requested value:

α + β = 1 + 2 = 3
Pattern Recognition

Equating complex parts reduces single complex equations into two simultaneous linear equations. Treat |z+1| strictly as a scalar magnitude and parse directly into algebraic components.

Chapter Mix

Class 11 Mathematics: Complex Numbers and Quadratic Equations

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